TS Eliots The Hollow Men Essays

TS Eliots The Hollow Men Essays TS Eliots The Hollow Men Paper TS Eliots The Hollow Men Paper Essay Topic: Literature T.S. Eliots The Hollow Men creates a vivid microcosm of the proverbial Hour of Death. It embodies those who have come to the end of life without achieving divine fulfillment and who understand for the first time that it is too late to change the past. In various forms of consciousness, the men scrutinize their beings as they apprehensively await Deaths Judgment in their final moments. Eliots poem begins with the word hollow, which suggests the first form of consciousness: The consciousness of self. It reflects the emptiness of a soul without faith and displays the consequences faithlessness can have on a mans physicality his Head, Voice, Form, and Eyes. The men leaning together gathered on this beach of the tumid river with Headpiece filled with straw are distressed by the realization that they were not wise throughout their lifetime. This implied indication shows that the figurative brainlessness inversely caused the men to rely merely on the temporal aspects of life which in turn created a hollow and stuffed persona. Alas! They are now slowly beginning to understand the severity that these immediate satisfactions will have on their eternity. They stand waiting in a deadcactus land with dry grass, in their dry cellar, with their dried voices. The macabre tone in which Eliot repeats the word dry helps to create the image of desolation in both the setting and the souls of the hollow men. These dried voices demonstrate the despair of the hollow men because their whispered words have become quiet and meaningless. They grope together and avoid speech, because they are now aware that their words no longer effect what seems to be an inescapable rendezvous with Death. This devastation reveals an even more convincing reality when Eliot contrasts the hollow mens voices with the voices of those who have achieved divine fulfillment in deaths other kingdom, where they are in unison with the winds singing. This assessment exemplifies the difference between choosing a lifestyle of faithfulness or faithlessness and shows the outcome of both. Eliot chooses to expand the disturbing effects of choosing the latter by exhibiting the hollow men as a shape without form. Because their earthly lives were consumed with meaningless execution, they have nothing to show for themselves now that their humanly elements are decaying. In a sense, Eliot is referring to these men as insignificant because they are shade[s] without colour gesture[s] without motion. They are no longer in control of the direction into which they will fall, and this realization haunts them. This haunting is illuminated when Eliot personifies those who have crossed into deaths other kingdom (those who have entered Heaven) as possessing direct eyes. The hollow men hide from these eyes, ashamed, and wish to dare not meet [them] in dreams because they are reproachful eyes of judgment that make the men feel their own insufficiency and emptiness (Gardner 109). The hollow men explain that the faithful with direct eyes are like Sunlight on a broken column/There whereas there are no eyes here in this hollow valley of our lost kingdom (emphasis added). It appears at this point of the hollow mens assessment that they are hopeless; that deaths other kingdom is more distant and more solemn than a fading star. This brings to attention the second form of consciousness in which the hollow men utilize: The consciousness of meditation outside of self. They are aware of the deterioration of their Head, Voice, Form, and Eyes which accordingly causes a feeling of angst. The hollow men recognize that their Hour of Death is rapidly coming to an end and therefore want to be no nearer in deaths dream kingdom. At first, they suggest to wear such deliberate disguisesRats coat, crowskin behaving as the wind behaves for they feel that by masquerading themselves, Death will pass over them. This attempt, however, does not last long for they realize they cannot fool Death. In effect, they search for other means. One could argue that this is properly the beginning of the hollow mens movement to redemption; a recognition of the utter nullity of man by himself, of man in total exile from God (Hargrove 91). They are beginning to fathom for the first time that no amount of earthly pleading can reverse the inevitable outcome of doom. As a result, they turn to God in prayer. They begin in a conversational attempt to plead with God by making an apology as they form prayers of broken stone. The hollow men have spent an existence without prayer and therefore, have difficulty expressing their plea for mercy. There is internal conflict that arises in the beseeching of prayer to God and consequently, it is interspersed with interruptions of individual thinking. It is as if the hollow men are uncertain as to whether or not they should even attempt prayer at this point because they remind themselves that salvation is hopeless because The eyes are not here There are no eyes here to show them compassion However, the unformed emotional wish for Christ reenters as the hollow men contradict their lack of eyes with a final new light of hope (Lucy 144). The fate of the hollow men is Sightless, unless The eyes reappear as the perpetual star Multifoliate rose (emphasis added). In this instance, the eyes are transposed into those of the Virgin Mary (Jain 208). One could assume then, at this point, that the hollow men have given their soulless selves over to God, in hopes that these eyes have transformed into eyes of mercy. In this last plea for forgiveness and hope, the hollow men reach the final moment of their lives hence Falls the Shadow. All that is certain in the closing summary of the poem is this Shadow of sin, of imperfection, of the paralysis of the will that has led the hollow men to this point. (Jain 209) Intermingled in the mess of the Shadows imposition, the men cry out using the Lords Prayer, For Thine is the Kingdom/For Thine is/Life is/For Thine is the, continuing their request of forgiveness until the end. The line is suddenly cut off, though, showing an abrupt end to the hollow men and an uncertainty of their outcome. The despair and the aspiration of the hollow men appear to have culminated only in a plaintive murmur, a whining, broken cry as they release their lives (Jain 211). The mystery, however, remains as to whom they have released their lives, for Eliot creates a sense of ambiguity by way of the allusion to the worlds end. Some critics would argue that the hollow men have made a choice that they could have achieved reality but were afraid and avoided it; they have chosen to make their habitation in deaths dream kingdom, rather than in deaths other kingdom. They have reverted to an afterlife that contains pain (Lucy 144.) On the other hand, other critics would say that the whimper, suggesting the cry of a baby, may be the utterance of one who is born into a new spiritual life (Jain 211). Although both suggestions are plausible solutions to the conclusion of The Hollow Men, one could also argue that the poems denouement was purposefully excluded by Eliot the reader does not know where the hollow men were taken: Heaven, Hell, or neither. This deliberate lack of resolution serves two purposes: to draw a parallel between the hollow mens lack of discernment to their uncertain destiny and to serve as a warning to all human beings of the importance of leading a life of faith and direction. At the time when T.S. Eliot wrote The Hollow Men, in the 1920s, he was unsure of where he fit in society. He was experiencing feelings of alienation from both England and France and was not sure to which denomination of faith he belonged. Thus, he was extremely conscious of the manner in which society presented itself. He saw a world of stuffed men filled with material obsessions and a lack of true direction. Consequently, he felt it necessary for all people, including himself, to understand the severity of life after death without steadfast faith (Gordon) This didactic essence of the poem reaches to many people and by the end, a sense of responsibility and fault is shared among the reader and the portrayed hollow men. The desolation resounding throughout the piece creates an unpleasant image that leaves an unappealing aftertaste few could enjoy. As a result, T.S. Eliots purpose was accomplished. The Hollow Men is pervaded by feelings of guilt, remorse and anguish, and by intensely personal experience which could not properly be articulated or resolved (Jain 197). Nonetheless, it is certain that the purpose of T.S. Eliots poem should be contemplated. While it was within a lost society that Eliot found himself distressed, the message of this poem should not be taken lightly. From it, one can see the effects that the hollowness of life can have. Therefore, it is Eliots advice to learn from the hollow mens error and seek a life that fulfills divine expectations.

How Sociologists Define Marriage

How Sociologists Define Marriage Marriage is a socially supported union involving two or more individuals in what is regarded as a stable, enduring arrangement based at least in part on a sexual bond of some kind. Depending on the society, marriage may require religious and/or civil sanction, although some couples may come to be considered married simply by living together for a period of time (common law marriage). Though marriage ceremonies, rules, and roles may differ from one society to another, marriage is considered a cultural universal, which means that it is present as a social institution in all cultures. Marriage serves several functions. In most societies, it serves to socially identify children by defining kinship ties to a mother, father, and extended relatives. It also serves to regulate sexual behavior, to transfer, preserve, or consolidate property, prestige, and power, and most importantly, it is the basis for the institution of the family. Social Characteristics of Marriage In most societies, a marriage is considered a permanent social and legal contract and relationship between two people that is based on mutual rights and obligations among the spouses. A marriage is often based on a romantic relationship, though this is not always the case. But regardless, it typically signals a sexual relationship between two people. A marriage, however, does not simply exist between the married partners, but rather, is codified as a social institution in legal, economic, social, and spiritual/religious ways. Typically a the institution of marriage begins with a period of courtship that culminates in an invitation to marry. This is followed by the marriage ceremony, during which mutual rights and responsibilities may be specifically stated and agreed to. In many places the state must sanction a marriage in order for it to be considered valid and legal, and also in many cultures, a religious authority must do the same. In many societies, including the Western world and the United States, marriage is widely considered the basis of and foundation for family. This is why a marriage is often greeted socially with immediate expectations that the couple will produce children, and why children that are born outside of marriage are often branded with the stigma of illegitimacy. Because a marriage is recognized by law, by the economy, socially, and by religious institutions, a dissolution of marriage (annulment or divorce) must, in turn, involve a dissolution of the marriage relationship in all of these realms. The Social Functions of Marriage Marriage has several social functions that are important within the societies and cultures where the marriage takes place. Most commonly, marriage dictates the roles that spouses play in each others lives, in the family, and in society at large. Typically these roles involve a division of labor between the spouses, such that each is responsible for different tasks that are necessary within the family. American sociologist Talcott Parsons wrote on this topic and outlined a theory of roles within a marriage and household, wherein wives/mothers play the expressive role of a caregiver who takes care of socialization and emotional needs of others in the family, while the husband/father is responsible for the task role of earning money to support the family. In keeping with this thinking, a marriage often serves the function of dictating the social status of the spouses and the couple, and of creating a hierarchy of power between the couple. Societies in which the husband/father holds the most power in the marriage are known as patriarchies. Conversely, matriarchal societies are those in which wives/mothers hold the most power. Marriage also serves the social function of determining family names and lines of familial descent. In the U.S. and much of the Western world, we practice patrilineal descent, meaning the family name follows that of the husband/father. However, many cultures, including some within Europe and many in Central and Latin America, follow matrilineal descent. Today, it is common for newly married couples to create a hyphenated family name that preserves the named lineage of both sides, and for children to bear the surnames of both parents. Different Types of Marriages In the Western world, monogamous, heterosexual marriage is the most common form and is considered the norm. However, homosexual marriage is increasingly common and in many places, including the U.S., has been sanctioned by law and by many religious groups. This change in practice, law, and cultural norms and expectations for what a marriage is and how can participate in it reflects the fact that marriage itself is a social construct. Other forms of marriage that occur around the world include polygamy (a marriage of more than two spouses), polyandry (a marriage of a wife with more than one husband), and polygyny (the marriage of a husband with more than one wife). (In common usage, polygamy is often misused to refer to polygyny.) As such, the rules of marriage, the division of labor within a marriage, and what constitutes the roles of husbands, wives, and spouses generally are subject to change and are most often negotiated by the partners within the marriage, rather than firmly dictated by tradition. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Adoption in Louisiana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adoption in Louisiana - Essay Example Different states have different adoption regulations in the US (Child Welfare Research Institute, 2012). In the state of Louisiana, several conditions determine the qualification of an individual as an adoptive parent (FindLaw, 2012). These include the conditions that the individual must be 18 years and above, are single, divorced, or married, rent or own adequate housing for another child, be financially stable, be in good mental and physical health (Adoption Media, 2012). Other conditions include having adequate transportation (Department of Children and Family Services, 2012). Louisiana laws, agency policy, and the Bureau of Licensing stipulate some regulations for certification of foster parent (Louisiana State, 2006). These include completion of MAPP/GPS pre-service training (7 sessions), submission of application for certification, state police and FBI criminal record clearance, State Central Registry for Child Abuse and Neglect clearance, physical and medical examination for communicable diseases, fingerprints for all adult family members, agree to non-corporal punishment (Adopt ion Media, 2012). Additionally, an individual must provide five non-related referees, agree to meet the requirement of completing 15 hours of annual in-service training, interview to all members of your family, participate in individual home study, and their home must meet health, fire safety, and environmental requirements, as well as a one-year-and-a-half home residency (FindLaw, 2012). Louisiana State laws allow qualified individual to adopt any child or adult, but there are special procedures for adult adoption (Adoption Media, 2012). These include completing the Model Approach to Partnership in Parenting (MAPP). A resident citizen in Louisiana may also adopt a child from any other state apart form Louisiana, or even country (Adoption Media, 2012). Nonetheless, this requires the use of adoption agencies that

UK supermarket sector is an oligopoly. Critically evaluate this Essay

UK supermarket sector is an oligopoly. Critically evaluate this statement - Essay Example Their trade was valued approximately at ?76.78 billion in the year 2000 and had increased by 4.5% over the years (Tyler, 2011). In this study, the discussion will critically evaluate the citation that UK supermarket sector is an oligopoly. For this purpose, Tesco, Sainsbury’s, ASDA, Morrisons and Safeway will be included in the study since they are the top five supermarket chains. The Oligopoly Market According to Investopedia, â€Å"An oligopoly is much like a monopoly, in which only one company exerts control over most of a market. In an oligopoly, there are at least two firms controlling the market† (Investopedia, 2011). In the UK supermarket there are mainly three big companies that operate and control the market. These are Tesco, Sainsbury’s and ASDA. Its presence is also felt in the European market as most of the supplies of the supermarket are through these companies. The oligopoly market structure is such that there are few sellers, who control the market . Unlike the monopolistic competition, perfect competition and monopoly market, the oligopoly requires to think strategically. In oligopoly, the sellers are huge enough to have an influential affect upon the market. A seller needs to respond to its competitors’ choices, but the competitors are countering to the sellers’ choices. For instance, when Tesco responds towards the choice of Sainsbury’s, at the same time Sainsbury’s reacts to the choices of Tesco in the UK market (Ohio State University, 2000). In the oligopoly markets, there are tensions in relation to cooperation as well as self-interest in the companies such as Tesco, ASDA & Sainsbury’s in the UK. If all these companies limit their productivity, it will affect the prices that will tend to be high, but then there are possibilities of the companies to have an incentive to expand their output (Ohio State University, 2000). Strategic Decision in the Oligopoly Market The strategic decision is crucial in the case of firms that are interdependent. In the UK market’s supermarket sector Tesco, Sainsbury’s and ASDA are interdependent as they control the market in this segment. They cannot act independently; consequently they have to take into consideration the likely responses of the competitor in order to make any kind of alteration in the pricing and non-pricing activities. They develop the strategies based upon the probable reaction of the rivals (Economics Online, 2011). In the UK supermarket, Tesco, Sainsbury’s and ASDA need to decide strategically in certain aspects of the market that are listed below: Competition Strategic Decision The firms need to strategically decide whether to compete with the competitors or join together. It is tough to decide as a prediction made by the firms against the decision made by the rivals might turn out to be wrong (Economics Online, 2011). Pricing Decision The firms need to strategically decide whether to increase or decrease the price or to keep it at constant. It is difficult for the firms to decide. They generally undertake the

Row based FPGAs Essay Example for Free

Row based FPGAs Essay It is a coarse grained one dimensional structure. The logic structure contains 16-bit registers, ALUs, Multipliers and SRAM blocks. Its interconnect structure consists of segmented 16-bit buses. There are two types of buses. Short buses provide local communication and long buses are interconnected by bus connectors. It is a subset of FPGA and an important class of programmable devices. It provides connectivity between the routing channels. It can be classified as ad-hoc and structured arrays (Weste Eshraghian, 2000 :401). Advantages Programming can be changed in real time. A computer program that executes on a PGA array is many faster than conventional machines. Disadvantages When the signal has to travel through a large number of cells, this can present in a substantial delay. The Xilinx Programmable Gate Array It is an example of an ad-hoc array. In the architecture of XC3000 series, an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs) is embedded within a set of horizontal and vertical channels that contain routing. The configuration of the interconnect is achieved by turning on N-Channel past transistors. The CLB structure consists of two registers, number of muxes and a combinatorial function unit. At the junction of the horizontal and vertical routing channels, programmable switching matrices redirect routes. The switching matrices perform crossbar switching of the global interconnect which runs both vertically and horizontally. Programmable interconnect points interconnect a global routing to CLBs. Both PIPs and switching matrices are implemented as n-channel pass gates controlled by 1-bit RAM cells. Extra special long distance interconnect is used to route more important timing signals with a low skew (Weste Eshraghian,2000 :400). Initially, the board design is completed. Design then proceeds by mapping the logic design to the CLBs. Software then places and routes the CLBs by loading the internal state RAM with the codes needed to program the IOs, the CLBs and the routing. The design is then ready to be tested. Reprogrammable logic can be embedded within a larger system to aid the designer in easier system debug of a chip function. (Weste and Eshraghian,2000 ) (Weste and Eshraghian, 2000 ) Algotronix CAL1024 is an example of structured array. The architecture contains 1024 identical logic cells arranged in a 32-dy-32 matrix. At the boundary of the chip, 128 programmable I/O pins allow cascading of chips. The cell design consists of four multiplexers to route single bit signals in all possible directions. The muxers are controlled by 5 transistor static ram cells (Weste Eshraghian, 2000:403). In the IO pads only one pin is used for IO into and out of the array, but having the communicating chips automatically deal with two pins that are outputs. To achieve this, a three level logic scheme is used to sense when two outputs are driving each other via a contention circuit. (Weste and Eshraghian, 2000 ) (Weste and Eshraghian, 2000 ) PLA consists of an array of AND gates that can be programmed to generate any product of the input variables. The product terms are then connected to OR gates to provide a sum of products for the required Boolean function. In a PLA, each input goes through a buffer and inverter, so that both true and complement outputs are obtained. Each input and its complement are connected to inputs of each AND gates. The outputs of AND gates are connected to the inputs of each OR gate. The output of OR gate goes to an XOR gate where the other input can be programmed to receive a signal equal to either logic 1 or 0. The output may be complemented or left in its true form depending on the connection of one of the XOR gate inputs.

Rose Ziegler :: Biography

Rose Ziegler grew up in Pennsylvania Amish Country. After marrying, she moved to Oklahoma where she made her living primarily in traditional medicine, but her avocation has always been the study of Mental Science. Though she admits much of what is known of the mental sciences is steeped in Eastern religious philosophies, her emphasis has been on the science behind such principles. Rose Ziegler grew up in Pennsylvania Amish Country. After marrying, she moved to Oklahoma where she made her living primarily in traditional medicine, but her avocation has always been the study of Mental Science. Though she admits much of what is known of the mental sciences is steeped in Eastern religious philosophies, her emphasis has been on the science behind such principles. Rose Ziegler grew up in Pennsylvania Amish Country. After marrying, she moved to Oklahoma where she made her living primarily in traditional medicine, but her avocation has always been the study of Mental Science. Though she admits much of what is known of the mental sciences is steeped in Eastern religious philosophies, her emphasis has been on the science behind such principles. Rose Ziegler grew up in Pennsylvania Amish Country. After marrying, she moved to Oklahoma where she made her living primarily in traditional medicine, but her avocation has always been the study of Mental Science. Though she admit s much of what is known of the mental sciences is steeped in Eastern religious philosophies, her emphasis has been on the science behind such principles. While in Oklahoma, Rose spent seven years in a formal study of Metaphysics and served as Director of a school branch for several years. She has taught hundreds of students and has had various articles published in newspapers and magazines.

Case Study Primary Hyperaldosteronism Health And Social Care Essay

The patient presents with an elevated blood force per unit area. Our instance survey does non include extra critical marks. Elevated blood force per unit area is an of import portion of a diagnosing of aldosterone-secreting tumour. The tumour increases the sum of aldosterone in the blood watercourse, which has a direct affect on Na and H2O degrees. This status is called â€Å" primary aldosteronism † ( John E Hall, 2011, p. 220 ) . â€Å" Aldosterone increases the rate of resorption of salt and H2O by the tubules of the kidneys, thereby cut downing the loss of these in the piss while at the same clip doing an addition in blood volume and extracellur fluid volume. This addition in volume will increase arterial force per unit area. â€Å" There is a sequence of events that cause an addition in blood force per unit area: increased extracellular fluid volume additions blood volume. Blood volume increases the average circulatory filling force per unit area. This force per unit ar ea increases venous return of blood to the bosom. â€Å" The increased blood to the bosom will increase cardiac end product which in bends increases the arterial blood force per unit area † ( John E Hall, 2011, p. 217 ) . Therefore, the arterial blood force per unit area additions due to sodium and H2O concentrations. This can go a fatal state of affairs if left untreated.Reason the Lab Tests Were OrderedSerum osmolality is used to set up baseline for fluid position. Critical values to be cognizant of in respects to serum osmolality are values less than 265 mOsm/kg Ha‚‚0 and greater than 320 mOsm/kg Ha‚‚O. This lab trial is ordered to look into into the fluid and electrolyte balance and regulation out possible issues for patients â€Å" with ictuss, ascites, hydration position, acid-base balance, and suspected antidiuretic endocrine ( ADH ) abnormalcies † ( Pagana & A ; Pagana, 1998, p. 314 ) . In healthy grownups the expected normal values are 285-295 mOsm/ kilogram Ha‚‚0. Our patient nowadayss with a serum osmolality value of 289 mOsm/L, and is within the recognized normal scope, nevertheless he is on the low terminal, which could bespeak â€Å" over hydration, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic endocrine secernment ( SIADH ) , or paraneoplastic syndromes associated with carcinoma † ( Pagana & A ; Pagana, 1998 ) . Urine osmolality is used to measure fluid and electrolye maps. It looks at the kidney concentrating abilities, and as a tool in measuring the patient for ADH abnormalcies. Normal degrees harmonizing to Pagana are 50-1400 mOsm/kg Ha‚‚O in a random specimen, and for the 12-14 hr fluid limitation, normal value is 850 mOsm/kg Ha‚‚0 ( Pagana & A ; Pagana, 1998 ) . Urine osmolality is of import in measuring the concentrating ability of the kidney, and is frequently evaluated along with blood osmolality consequences ( Pagana & A ; Pagana, 1998 ) . The patient nowadayss with the value of 520 mOsm/L, but the type of aggregation is non indicated. If this is a random specimen the consequences are within normal scope. If this consequence is from a 12-14 hr fluid limitation, the consequence is low, and could be bespeaking â€Å" diabetes insipidus, extra fluid consumption, nephritic cannular mortification, or terrible pyelonephritis † ( Pagana & A ; Pagana, 1998 ) . Blood Na is portion of a basic metabolic profile or serum electrolyte panel. This is a marker for fluid and electrolyte baseline. Normal findings are 136-145 mEq/L. Sodium is an of import portion of serum osmolality. Many factors regulate Na balance, including aldosterone secernment from the kidney, natriuretic endocrine, and ADH. Water and Na play a close interaction in the balance of the two ( Pagana & A ; Pagana, 1998 ) . Our patient nowadayss with a value of 142 mEq/L, and is within normal value scope. Urine Na is another trial to measure the fluid and electrolyte balance of the patient from the point of view of the kidney. Normal values for urine Na is 40-220 mEq/L/day or greater than 20 mEq/L in a topographic point cheque. This trial helps to measure sodium loss in the piss in comparing the the Na degree in the blood. In some incidences the Na degree is low in the blood and high in the kidney, and this is declarative of chronic nephritic failure or Addison ‘s disease ( Pagana & A ; Pagana, 1998 ) . Our patient nowadayss with a normal value of 60 mEq/L. Blood K is besides a portion of the basic metabolic profile ( BMP ) or serum electrolyte panel. It is frequently evaluated as a baseline for patients showing with cardiac symptoms. Normal values are 3.5-5.0 mEq/L in grownups. Our patient is under the critical low value of 2.5mEq/L ( Pagana & A ; Pagana, 1998 ) . Serum K degrees are regulated by many factors including aldosterone, Na resorption, and acid-base balance. Decreased degrees of serum K could be caused by several factors including ; â€Å" deficient dietetic consumption, lacking IV consumption, Burnss, GI upsets, water pills, hyperaldosteronism, Cushing ‘s syndrome, nephritic cannular acidosis, licorice consumption, alkalosis, insulin disposal, glucose disposal, ascites, nephritic arteria stricture, cystic fibrosis, injury, and surgery † ( Pagana & A ; Pagana, 1998 ) . Urine K is evaluated to find electrolyte balance, and is ordered in this instance to find if the patient is egesting K through the kidneys. The normal degrees are 25-120 mEq/L/day harmonizing to Pagana ( Pagana & A ; Pagana, 1998 ) . Our patient in the instance survey has a value of 55mEq/L and is documented as being high. There are many causes for urine K being elevated, including: chronic nephritic failure, nephritic cannular mortification, famishment, Cushing ‘s syndrome, hyperaldosteronism, inordinate consumption of liquorice, alkolosis, and diuretic therapy ( Pagana & A ; Pagana, 1998 ) . Blood chloride is besides portion of the BMP or serum electrolyte panel. Chloride is used in measuring the hydration province and acerb base balance of the patient. Normal values are 90-110 mEq/L in an grownup. Our patient ‘s value is within normal bounds. Over all the consequences of the ordered trials, give a image of the patient ‘s electrolyte position, and elimination of the electrolytes. This information guides the health professional to look at the cause for the patient ‘s symptoms, and find if they are related to the serum degrees or the excretory degrees.Necessity of Laboratory TrialsThe doctor ordered both a blood chemical science trial every bit good as a urine chemical science trial for our instance survey patient. An elevated blood force per unit area of 160/110 millimeter Hg, particularly while the patient is in the supine place, is declarative of volume enlargement in the extracellular fluid. Volume enlargement is a consequence of increased Na content in extracellular fluid ( Costanzo, 2010 ) . The physician must measure the Na ion concentration in the blood every bit good as in the piss to find how the addition in blood force per unit area is related to a Na instability and the nature of the instability. The patient ‘s ailment of failing can be a important mark that the patient is enduring from hypokalemia. Harmonizing to Hall and Guyton ( 2011 ) , â€Å" When the K ion concentration falls below about one-half normal, terrible musculus failing frequently develops † ( p. 926 ) . With the patient ‘s ailment of failing during the doctor ‘s appraisal, it is necessary to measure his K ion concentration to find if so his failing is a symptom of hypokalemia. The rating of K ion concentration in the patient ‘s piss is a simple trial to let the doctor to find if the patient ‘s hypokalemia is related to an addition in potassium secernment taking to an addition in potassium elimination in the piss or if there is another cause for the low K ion concentration in the blood. In our instance survey, the patient ‘s serum Na ion concentration is 142 mEq/L and his urine Na ion concentration is 60 mEq/L, both values within normal scope. However, with such an lift in blood force per unit area without a perceptibly direct addition in serum Na ion concentration, it is declarative that the patient ‘s kidneys are resorbing more H2O with a proportionate addition of Na content ( Costanzo, 2010 ) . This combination of increased Na content and entire organic structure H2O content explains our patient ‘s high blood pressure ( Costanzo, 2010 ) . Our instance analyze patient ‘s serum K ion concentration is 2.1 mEq/L and his urine K ion concentration is 55 mEq/L. The serum K ion concentration is good below the normal scope of 3.5-5.0 mEq/L and the urine K ion concentration is high bespeaking that there is an addition of K secernment taking to a lessening in plasma K ion concentration and an addition in urine K elimination ( Costanzo, 2010 ) . Our patient ‘s serum chloride ion concentration is 98 milliequivalent and his serum osmolarity is 289 mOsm/L, which are both within their several normal scopes. His urine osmolarity concentration is 520 mOsm/L, which is besides within its normal scope. The research lab trials, including blood chemical science and urine chemical science, ordered for our instance survey patient were both necessary non merely to obtain baseline values for future follow up testing, but specifically to concentrate on the patient ‘s Na and K ion concentrations in both blood and urine specimens to find their relationship to one another given his presentation of supine high blood pressure and his ailment of failing.What are the physiological rules that explain the patient ‘s symptoms?A Our patient nowadayss with an elevated systolic and diastolic blood force per unit area and symptoms of weakness.A This is the organic structure ‘s response to an change in electrolyte instability caused by the loss of K together with increased keeping of Na and H ion secernment. â€Å" Primary aldosteronism is characterized by over production of aldosterone by the adrenal secretory organs † ( Conn, 1955, p. 6 ) . Aldosterone is the rule mineralcorticoid that is secreted by the zone glomerulosa in the adrenal cerebral mantle of the adrenal secretory organs. The primary map of aldosterone is the control of intravascular volume ( Ganong, 2005 ) . Aldosterone acts on the distal tubules and roll uping canals of the uriniferous tubule to originate the kidney to conserve Na, secrete K, increasing H2O keeping and increasing blood force per unit area. â€Å" Aldosterone binds the mineralcorticoid receptor ( MR ) and the complex interacts straight with the genomic DNA via a steroid response component ( SRE ) . Transactivation of cistron look leads to written text of the aldosterone induced proteins SGK ( serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase ) , Ki-RAS and CHIF ( corticosteroid endocrine induced factor ) .A These proteins increase the activity of Na, K, and ATPase by increasing pump turnover and recruiting latent ATPase to the basolateral membrane † ( Gerhard Malnic, Matthew A. Bailey, Gerhard Giebisch, 2004, p. 484 ) . The first symptom to show is high blood pressure and occurs in a bulk of patients. â€Å" An aldosterone mediatedA addition in extracellular fluid volume enduring more than 1 to 2 yearss besides leads to an addition in arterial force per unit area † ( Guyton and Hall, 2011, p.925 ) . This status can be for every bit long as aldosterone continues to be secreted in abnormally high amounts.A Hypokalemia of & lt ; 3.0 milliequivalent in blood and elevated K degrees in urine suggest mineralcorticoid surplus. â€Å" Muscular failing is caused by the change of the electrical irritability of the musculus and nervus fibres which prevents the transmittal of normal musculus potencies † ( Guyton and Hall, 2011, p.926 ) . Other patient symptoms of concerns, nycturias and in really rare instances palsy may happen. â€Å" Numbness and prickling in the appendages are related to alkalosis that may take to tetany † ( Tyrell, 2000, p.555 ) . Metabolic alkalosis is a consequence of lessening in H ion concentration in extracellular fluid when H ions are secreted in exchange for Na ions in the cortical collection tubules of the kidney ( Guyton and Hall, 2011, p.926 ) .Why each trial consequence supports or repudiates the doctor ‘s preliminary diagnosingThe doctor ordered the undermentioned lab trials for this patient: serum Na, K, chloride, and osmolarity, and urine Na, K, and osmolarity. The patient was diagnosed with an aldsosterone releasing tumour of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal secretory organ, ensuing in primary hyperaldosteronism ( Conn ‘s syndrome ) . McCance and Huether ( 2006 ) province primary hyperaldosteronism â€Å" presents a clinical image of high blood pressure, hypokalemia, nephritic K cachexia, and neuromuscular manifestations † ( p. 723 ) . The patient ‘s low degrees of serum K and high degrees of urinary K indicate the patient has increased K secernment, hence back uping the doctor ‘s diagnosing. High de grees of aldosterone cause the chief cells of the late distal tubule to increase Na resorption and increase K secernment ( Costanza, 2010 ) . Increased urinary elimination of K leads to reduced degrees of serum K ( Costanza, 2010 ) . The patient ‘s Na and osmolarity degrees in the blood and piss were within the normal scopes for an grownup. This entirely would non name this status. However, since these normal Na and osmolarity degrees are present with the patient ‘s elevated blood force per unit area, the patient has proportionally increased his sum of H2O in the extracellular fluid ( Costanzo, 2010 ) . This addition in extracellular fluid volume explains the patient ‘s high blood pressure, and supports the doctor ‘s diagnosing. Serum chloride degrees are frequently drawn with K and Na to look into the relationship between these ions ( Kee, 2009 ) . The chloride degrees were found to be normal in this patient and would non help in the diagnosing of Conn †˜s syndrome.If the intervention was successful, what was the ground?â€Å" Treatment of Conn ‘s syndrome consists of disposals of an aldosterone adversary such as Aldactone, followed by surgical remotion of the aldosterone-secreting tumour † ( Constanzo, 2010, p. 422 ) . Aldosterone stimulates the chief cells of the distal tubule and roll uping canal to resorb Na, which promotes H2O resorption, and increases the elimination of K and H ion ( Huether, 2008 ) . Our patient is placed on Aldactone, which is an aldosterone adversary, a steroid, and a potassium-sparing water pill, to barricade the effects of aldosterone on chief cells. This decreases sodium resorption, doing a decrease in extracellular fluid ( ECF ) volume, and besides decreases K secernment, leting the patient ‘s plasma K to increase ( Constanzo, 2010 ) . The patient ‘s blood force per unit area will diminish due to the decrease in the ECF volume. Our patient is placed on a sodium-restricted diet , which will besides assist to diminish blood force per unit area by diminishing the ECF volume. Our patient has surgery to take the adrenal tumour. With the remotion of the aldosterone-secreting tumour, aldosterone degrees return to normal. Our patient ‘s blood force per unit area and blood and urine chemical sciences return to normal. The interventions of Aldactone, Na restricted diet and surgery were successful for our patient.If the Treatment was Unsuccessful What was the ReasonThe intervention was successful for our patient. The adult male ‘s high blood pressure was treatable by remotion of the adrenal tumour. He was given spironalactone and his diet was modified to cut down his Na, while expecting surgery. His lab values and critical marks returned to normal.DecisionOur instance survey involved a 50-year-old adult male who presented to his doctor ‘s office with high blood pressure recorded in a supine place, failing, and electrolyte instabilities indicated in both his blood and piss. It was determined that he had an aldosterone-secreting tumour of the zon a glomerulosa of the adrenal secretory organ which had resulted in primary hyperaldosteronism, besides known as Conn ‘s syndrome. Trial consequences were closely examined and a intervention program was established for our patient. Surgery was suggested to take the tumour. He was placed on Aldactone and a sodium-restricted diet to handle his high blood pressure. Our patient opted to hold the tumour removed surgically, which was successful. Following surgery his blood force per unit area, blood, and urine chemical sciences all returned to normal degrees. He was encouraged to go on to eat a healthy diet and to hold one-year scrutinies with his primary doctor to guarantee optimum wellness.

Book Review on “Fat Girl” Essay

Book Review Obesity is an upcoming and extremely prevalent phenomenon in America today. Author, Judith Moore of the book â€Å"Fat Girl† discusses some of the issues fat girls face. Her book is less about every stereo-typed fat girl and more about her story individually. Judith Moore chooses to take a different route, instead of complaining continuously about being fat, she explains in depth why she believes she is fat. She is not lazy; she expresses her knowledge of diets and her experiences of strenuous work outs but ends with little to no results. ‘My flesh resists loss. My fat holds on for dear life, holds on under my bratwurst arms and between my clabber thighs. † Food is a fuel, but to some food may be a pain reliever. For Judith, she had to face an unhappy family life early on. Judith had always been a fat girl and her father a fat man weighing close to 300 pounds. Her family was secluded and each individual only cared for themselves. Clearly her family was an unhappy one; they used food as source of pleasure and hoped it would cure the pain. At the age of four, Judith’s parents divorced. After the divorce, Judith was shipped back and forth between her mom’s mother’s farm and her mom’s apartment in Brooklyn. These trips back and forth only created more emotional scaring for Judith. Her Grandmother had a strong hatred for her father, and being that Judith was a spitting image of him, she received the backlash. Grandma fed Judiths needs literally and figuratively speaking. Each time she visited her Grandmothers farm she was fed extremely fattening comfort foods, and with that she grew larger. Her Grandmother would make comments over how large she was and how she was growing, breaking her down each time. This led to Judith’s reach for food to fill the hole created by her dysfunctional family. The love of food steamed from her unloving family. Her continuous pattern of eating to fulfill an emotional need led to Judith’s weight gain. Judith proceeds to explain more emotional traumatizing events in her life that are male influenced. She discloses information that a man once told her she was too fat to get in bed with, and her experience of being manipulated into giving oral head to a man who she thought was a kind person, while his friends watched and laughed. Not once throughout her book did Judith play the victim for being fat. Because Judith proceeds to tell the readers events in her life and why they make her who she is today, this book consider would be considered an autobiography. The book gives another perspective on another persons’ life. Judith’s obvious intention for this book was not to complain about being fat, but to state the events of her life that made her who she is. She did not stereo-type every fat girl, she simply told her story and ways other fat girls could relate. This autobiography presents an issue of correlation with our society and obesity. It suggests that obesity can come from emotional pain or distress. I would suggest this book to my friends, it explains that everyone has a story of why they are the way they are.

10 Narrative Essay Topics on Women Empowerment

10 Narrative Essay Topics on Women Empowerment Women play a vital role in making our world a better place. However, only a few organizations truly empower women with their due rights. In recent years though, experts have started to acknowledge the development and economic benefits of women empowerment. Writing a narrative essay is easy, fun and very enlightening as you are writing about your own personal experience and gaining knowledge from those experiences, getting to know yourself better than ever in the process. However, to write the perfect narrative essay that can be appreciated by your professor, you need solid facts, some topics to start with and an informational guide on how to write a flawless narrative essay. This is where our expansive guides come in. We have written three different guides for you that describe facts, topics and writing a great narrative on women’s empowerment. In this first guide, you are provided with 10 facts for a narrative essay on women empowerment. This is the perfect place to gather information for your essay without going through the trouble of having to find credible sources to start researching. In our second guide, you are provided with 20 topics for a narrative essay on women empowerment so that it becomes easier for you to choose a topic and start writing. Many students get stuck while choosing a good topic for their essay, which is why we’ve chosen 20 relevant topics to aid you. We’ve also included a sample narrative essay at the end which will help you further in writing a stellar narrative essay on your topic of choice. Finally, in our third guide, we explain how to write a narrative essay on women empowerment to enable you to write a better, more liberal and error-free narrative essay on your particular topic. It is highly recommended not to skip any of our guides, in order to attain perfection in your writing and the essay itself. Let’s get to it then. Here are 10 Facts on Women Empowerment: Almost 50 million people around the world are surrounded by civil wars, violent conflicts, disasters and displacement; 80% of those 50 million people are women and children. Without women empowerment campaigns, there is no hope for these women. Throughout the world, there are only a few places where women have a strong hold on parliamentary seats such as Rwanda, Cuba and the United States. In 2004, Rwanda’s parliament housed 48.8% of women’s seats, 36% of these seats were held by women in Cuba and only 14.3% of parliamentary seats were held by women in the US respectively. In contrast, Saudi Arabia and Solomon Island do not have a single woman in their parliament. In a study that took place in Kenya, researchers found that 38% of farms were run by women. These women were so perfect in harvesting goods that they managed to harvest the same amount as men did without any help such as advice, loans, fertilizers, insecticides and hybrid seeds. When these women accomplished every goal related to farming men had, they were more efficient in harvesting and actually produced bigger harvests than men. During a survey, it was found that when women get involved in work, economics grow rapidly. Since there are plethora of women who don’t work due to several reasons, a big gap between men’s and women’s labor force is created, which decreases overall economic growth. When this gap is reduced, the economy starts to grow at a rapid pace. When a large amount of evidence was collected through various countries around the world, it was found that when women have influence over household income, either through their own earning or funds transfer, it changes the way their families, which later down the line, benefits the future of their children as well. If we talk on a global scale, women are paid 20 25% less than men. This is because women don’t want to get involved in formal professional sectors as they are not trained to such tasks effectively. But due to women empowerment campaigns, we are seeing a rise in women’s wages and their demand over formal sectors of industries. Around the world, women’s labor force is directly affected due to the reason that they spend more time caring for their children, elders and the sick in their family. This negatively impacts women’s labor force; 25% of women in the European Union are unable to perform labor due to the reason that they have personal responsibilities such as taking care of their children and families at home. In contrast, only 3% of men end up undertaking the same responsibilities. Despite improvements in the last 50 years in terms of development and economics, women who are working professionally are unable to enjoy â€Å"leisure time† because of the sheer amount of work they have on their hands at home; i.e. taking care of the family. Men, on the other hand, do have the time to wind down and relax after a hard day’s labor. Through women empowerment, gender inequalities can be done away with so that women can also have the same amount of time to themselves in order to pursue their personal interests An estimated 15 million girls under 18 years of age are married every year, without even seeking their personal opinion or approval. This occurs because there is no women empowerment and our societies simply lack gender equality. Most of the time, these newly wedded brides face troublesome issues in their lives as they are very young and cannot handle all the responsibilities that a married life entails. These brides are also unable to pursue education which makes it impossible to secure high paying jobs – resulting in lower self-esteem, poverty and lower IQ levels throughout the generations. American women, who are serving in Iraq and Afghanistan, are more likely to be raped by their own co-workers rather than getting killed in action. This kind of behavior by military men happens due to a lack of equal opportunities, adequate protection and benefits for the women who are serving their country side by side with these men. While these facts may have been interesting to read, they are depressing and distressful as well. However, the above facts are sure to help you in writing an exemplary narrative essay on women empowerment. Let’s move on to our second guide where you will see examples of 20 topics for a narrative essay on women empowerment. This guide also helps you to start writing without any hesitation as there is a sample essay at the end, which will help you better understand how a narrative essay is written. Remember to check out our third guide, how to write a narrative essay on women empowerment. In our last guide, you will learn dos and don’ts of writing a narrative essay and some general tips on how to write a flawless and professional narrative essay on your own. References: Klasen, S. and Lamanna, F. (2009), â€Å"The impact of gender inequality in education and employment on economic growth: New evidence for a panel of countries,† Feminist Economics, 15: 3, pp. 91-132 (as retrieved from UN Women, Progress of the World’s Women 2015-2016: Transforming economies, realizing rights Chapter 4, p. 199) U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, annual averages bls.gov/news.release/wkyeng.t07.htm; Differences by Race and Ethnicity, No Growth in Real Wages for Women,† by Ariane Hegewisch, Claudia Williams, Heidi Hartmann, Ph.D., Stephanie Keller Hudiburg (March 2014). Fact Sheet, p. 2.  iwpr.org/publications/pubs/the-gender-wage-gap-2013-differences-by-race-and-ethnicity-no-growth-in-real-wages-for-women International Labour Organization (2014). Global Employment Trends 2014: Risk of a jobless recovery p. 19. ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/dgreports/dcomm/publ/documents/publication/wcms_233953.pdf E. Gakidou, et al., 2010, â€Å"Increased Educational Attainment and its Effect on Child Mortality in 175 Countries between 1970 and 2009: A Systematic Analysis,† The Lancet, 376(9745), p. 969. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Gender Equality in Education, Employment and Entrepreneurship: Final Report to the MCM 2012. p. 17  oecd.org/employment/50423364.pdf. Duflo, Esther, (2012) Women Empowerment and Economic Development Journal of Economic Literature, Volume 50, Number 4 | American Economic Association Fontana Paciello, 2010. Other forms of non-agricultural employment for example in trade activities or small enterprises constitute only a small fraction of total employment in rural areas (as retrieved from UN Women, forthcoming, Progress of the World’s Women 2015-2016. Chapter 2, p. )

Mary the Jewess, First Known Alchemist

Mary the Jewess, First Known Alchemist Mary the Jewess (around 0-200 CE) was the first known alchemist in history. She lived in Eygpt and invented processes and apparatuses that were used for centuries after that. Her story became something of a legend in later Arabic and Christian writings. Life and History Occupation: Alchemist, inventor Also known as: Maria Hebraea, Maria Prophetissima, Maria Prophetissa, Maria the Hebrew, Miriam the Prophetess; Mariya the Sage; Mary the Prophetess (16th and 17th centuries) Early source: 4th-century alchemist Zosimos of Panopolis, who called her the sister of Moses Mary the Jewess and her alchemical contributions are documented by Zosimos of Panopolis in his text Peri kaminon kai organon (On Furnaces and Apparatuses), which may be itself based on a text by Mary. He also quotes her extensively in The Coloring of Precious Stones. According to Zosimus and later renderings of Marias writings, alchemy was like sexual reproduction, with different metals being male and female. She described the oxidation of metals and saw in that process the possibility of transforming base metals into gold. The saying credited to Mary the Jewess, Join the male and the female, and you will find what is sought, was used by Carl Jung. Later Writings About Mary the Jewess Variations on the story of Mary are told in sources after Zosimus. The church father Epiphanius, bishop of Salamis, mentions two writings by Mary the Jewess, Great Questions and Small Questions, where he credits her with a vision of Jesus. Marys story is also retold in Arabic writings where she is supposedly both a contemporary of Jesus (having carried the infant Jesus) and Ostanes, a Persian brother-in-law of Xerxes, who lived about 500 BCE. Legacy The name of Mary the Jewess survives in two terms used in chemistry. The water-bath, a term used for both a process and a device, is also called in Romance languages the bain-marie or baà ±o maria. The term is still used in cooking today. The bain-marie uses heat from water in a surrounding vessel to keep a consistent temperature, something like a double boiler. Marys black is also named for Mary the Jewess.  Marys black is a black sulfide coating on metal which is produced using the process of kerotakis. Mary the Jewess also invented and described the alchemical apparatus and process called the kerotakis and another apparatus called the tribokos. Bibliography Raphael Patai. The Jewish Alchemists: A History and Source Book. Mary the Jewess p. 60-80, and Zosimus on Maria the Jewess p. 81-93.Jack Lindsay. The Origins of Alchemy in Graeoc-Roman Egypt. 1970s.â€Å"Maria the Jewess: An Inventor of Alchemy.† ×”× ¡Ã— ¤Ã— ¨Ã—™×™×” ×”×Å"× Ã—•×ž×™× ª, web.nli.org.il/sites/NLI/English/library/reading_corner/Pages/maria_the_jewess.aspx.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle - Essay Example The title 'the Unready', or more accurately 'the Ill-Advised', given to Alfred's successor derives largely from the writer of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle who was an admirer of Alfred and disappointed in his successor. The author seems so much unknown of the real dilemma that he has kept the then public views in his mind while writing and the chronicle is not written keeping the real circumstances in consideration Ethelred had to face in that era, but its all about the reiterate defeats of Ethelred. This is the main reason as to why Ethelred has gained nothing but only the bad reputation in history. Another reason is while writing 'Anglo-Saxon Chronicle', he has been compared to Alfred. In 1979 the year after the accession of King Aethelred, the Danish invasions, long unintermitted under Edgar the Peaceful, recommenced as their main objective was to plunder only, not conquest, and they repeatedly attacked in 981, 982 and 988. A period of peace in the middle of the tenth century, in which took place a great monastic reform and revival of learning, was followed by renewed Danish attacks, which continued throughout the reign of Aethelred the Unready and culminated in the conquest by Cnut. In 991 the Danes burned Ipswich, and defeated and slew the East Saxon ealdorman Brihtnoth at Maldon. After this incident, Aethelred realizing the eruption of law and order offered them a price of freedom of 10,000, just to bring peace and serenity in England. As the Danes had to give something in the form of desistion from their ravages, they were still allowed to stay in England. Next year Aethelred himself broke the peace by an attack on the Danish ships. Despite the treachery of A elfric, the English were victorious and the Danes sailed off to devastate Lindsey and Northumbria. In 994 Olaf Tryggvason, King of Norway, and King of Denmark, Sweyn Forkbeard united in a great invasion and attacked London. Frustrated by the bravery of the citizens, they sailed away and harried the coast from Essex to Hampshire. Now Aethelred had no option left except for paying another price of England, and once again he bought peace for 16,000 with a promise of supplies. Olaf after receiving such great favors assured Aethelred that he would never again come to England with hostile intent, an engagement that he faithfully kept. One of the reasons why he is acknowledged as 'The Unready' is he was not sure who to trust and who not to trust. For his defeat lies in the fact he trusted the wrong people. This led him towards the failure one after the next and finally the King of Denmark defeated him. The promise was made to Olaf Tryggvason, the King of Norway; Sweyn (the King of Denmark) was devoid of any kind of commitment made to Aethelred so he repeatedly attacked England in 997, 998, 999, and in 1000. These frequent attacks break down the national defense and made the Government weak. However Aethelred in these crucial state of affairs did what anyone could have done for the survival of his country, he offered the then Danes the sum of 24,000, but at the same time he ordered the slaughter of each and every Danish men who were in England, which was his greatest blunder. Such a violent behavior on part of the Aethelred made the situation worse and caused Sweyn to return for revenge and remained here for two yea rs. In 1005