Evolution of 3G Technology

Development of 3G Technology 3G: Sophistication Guaranteed Broadcast communications development is experiencing a quick vamp to the future; the advancement is practically exponential, from the simple kinds to 2Gs and afterward at last the most recent portable development the 3G innovation. The 3G geek is the most recent on-smooth out of correspondences which offers propelled voice interchanges and fast information network, with remote Internet get to, portable information applications and high interactive media content. The 3G model exemplifies genuine modernity regarding versatile innovation yet for what reason was this expression used to depict it? To answer this an examination of the roots and procedures of 3G would be required. Versatile technologys origination began from the analogs. Simple systems, or original remote innovation has been presented in the mid 1980s in America, an innovation that was amazingly area explicit in character. As the interest for versatile interchanges developed, the computerized 2G rose during the 1990s flanking the undercapacity of the 1G frameworks. Second era portable frameworks work on the accompanying essentials: TDMA, (IS-54 and IS-136), GSM and CDMA IS-95 or cdmaOne. GSM, utilized around the world, is a bundle exchanged innovation that transports speed hypothetically of up to 115 kbit/s. Sadly, these advancements were seen as contradictory with one another, and numerous versatile nerds were inconceivably delimited to a particular locale or nation. They are additionally created essentially for voice information and moderate transmission. Quick changes in client desire and correspondence needs, looked for the requirement for development. The goals: a bringing together computerized remote interchanges that would make worldwide wandering with a solitary handset conceivable. 3G alludes to the third era remote innovation and organizes and was concocted in 1999 (Xavier, ?). It is really an adjusted idea of 2G cell phone frameworks. It depends on an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) conspire building up for single worldwide remote standard called International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000), a goals to the deformities of 2G framework. Framework limit and range effectiveness over 2G frameworks was the hidden subject of the ITU normalization frameworks. Least transmission rates was set at 144 kbps in versatile (open air) and 2 Mbps in fixed (indoor) situations. (Qualcomm, 2001). Basically, it is an improved remote mechanical gadget for an assortment of universal gauges and advancements proposed to expanded proficiency yield and improved portable remote system execution. Since 3G is really a union, the various systems attempting to normalized it, might be named follows: WCDMA, CDMA2000, UMTS and EDGE. The variety instead of the normalization can't generally be settled since there are monetary powers or partners who have personal stake for that specific norm. WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) alludes to broadband advanced radio interchanges of Internet, interactive media informing, video spilling and other limit requesting applications and is the favored 3G organize in Europe, Asia, Japan, United States and Africa. Change of information (for example picture, video, voice) to a narrowband computerized radio sign labeled with a particular marker is the technique for multi-rate transmission of the system. CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is the main 3g arrange as of current giving over a hundred million purchasers around the world. It was chosen as the business standard by the ITU (International Telecommunications Union)..CDMA innovation is a mix of two systems administration resources: CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO. The limit and execution of voice and information administrations of CDMA2000 1X is twice that of the previous CDMA frameworks and outperforms that of TDMA and GSM. Pinnacle information rates are reached to around 153 kbps without mediating voice limit. It likewise offers longer backup times. Its high similarity with the previous CDMA encourage redesign of versatile innovation to current. CDMA2000 1xEV-DO is an information advanced variant of CDMA2000 giving pinnacle paces of more than 2 Mbps, with a normal yield of more than 700 kbps. This quick innovation is corresponding to DSL support and can bolster video gushing information and enormous byte record downloads. The specification for CDMA2000 1xEV-DO is to conveys most extreme number of information (Megabyte) at the least cost conceivable. Being the chosen innovation, CDMA offers the best bundles in versatile innovation. CDMA expands on the previous CDMA frameworks and ad libbed on it like the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM and OFDMA), propelled control and sign strategy, improved impedance signalmanagement methods, start to finish Quality of Service (QoS), and new recieving wire strategies, for example, Multiple Inputs Multiple Outputs (MIMO) and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA). The upside of this improved bundles incorporate the accompanying: (1) lead execution (for example information speed, limit, inactivity), (2) range productivity, (3) propelled versatile administrations support (4) IP good (5) gadget determination (6) consistent advancement way and ;(7) worldwide/arrange inclusion adaptability. Best of all it drives lower cost of absolute proprietorship (CDMA Development Group, 2007). UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) is the cell phone standard in Europe, set by ETSI. Not at all like GSM, the UMTS follows layering convention for information organizing. The highest, being the administrations layer, is for designation and information speed. The control layer found focal, helps with updating activities and permits dynamic designation and labeling of information to a particular data transmission. Bottommost is the network layer where any transmission innovation can be supported and the voice traffic will move over ATM/AAL2 or IP/RTP thus dealing by signal data transfer capacity is forestalled (GSM server, 2007). EDGE (Enhanced Data For Global Evolution) permits GSM the fitness to deal with administrations for the 3g communication. It encourages information transmission at a fast of 384 kb/sec. EDGE utilizes TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) outline structure, rationale channel and 200kilohertz transporter data transmission. A similar transfer speed with that of GSM sytems empowers framework similarity (3G, 2006). Framework similarity guarantees update productivity and minimal effort which had been the issue of most G3 organizing frameworks (Lapping, 2006). The constituents of 3G is immense and takes into account the innovative impulses of the geek addicts and the specialists all over Europe, Asia, South America and Africa, in any case, similar to every new innovation, there has been a bone of dispute among producers. From the time that the possibility of 3G emerges and when it was advertised, impediments appear to be consistently around the bend. As referenced before, there are different systems of 3G which had really lead to permitting contradictions emerging from various terms of conditions from various gatherings included. High obligations augmented by the media transmission parties during the previous years, which may really act like a danger to the advancement of 3G. Additionally, administrator inconveniences are unsupported by state account. The costs related with permit are unpleasant. The fundamental issue of 3G all comes down to cash. 3G administration is new henceforth organize inclusion is constrained. Likewise, the expense of innovation is lumbering for the ordinary people and the web level rate is high at certain nations. The primary issue with the redesign of innovation to 3G is that there are some value hesitations related with the presented and cutting edge innovation. Luckily, a large portion of the main handset makers like Broadcom stops this whole on edge value rant, and in the long run figured out how to deliver more 3G advances intending to encourage its spread comprehensively and presumably to animate its monetary interest. Broadcom created the Cellairity chipset with dumbfounding ex pense of $100 (Hyatt, 2007). This value goals may, over the long haul, anticipate to be a decent beginning of customer accessibility for 3G. Broadcom may have started decrease underway cost however would different organizations follow? 3G is a tremendous danger of interest in shopper advertise. 3Gs complexity really obliges that businessperson who directs their organizations helped by the remote systems. Sadly, the new development is that businesspeople comprise just a little populace in the worldwide systems administration field. For the complex innovation to be really cosmopolitan in character it must be utilized by the vast majority of the organizers and portable clients everywhere throughout the world. For the time being, it is abnormally delimited to the individuals who can truly manage the cost of it. Taking a gander at the positive side of things, the circumstance of 3G customer proportion would not generally be the equivalent. Like all things, needs change, and watching the advancement of versatile innovation from the rural simple model to the most recent 3G types, one can just anticipate that purchaser needs would be slanted towards mechanical upgrade and that innovative improvement would be more qualified to the requirements of the customer. What is more is that necessities change, portable geek patterns may likewise change. The 3G model is presently right now being ad libbed from more than 3G to 4G. 4G Technology: Super-fulfillment ensured? The truth will surface eventually. References 3G. (2006). 3G store. Recovered Nov 22, 2007 from http://www.3g.co.uk/All%20About%203G.htm 3G Technology. (22 Aug 2007). Qualcomm. Recovered Nov 22, 2007 from http://www.3gtoday.com/wps/entryway/endorsers. CDMA Development Group. (2007). 3G-CDMA2000. Recovered Nov 22, 2007 from http://www.cdg.org/innovation/3g.asp. GSM server.(2007). Advancement to 3G. Recovered Nov 22, 2007 from http://www.gsmserver.com/articles/evolution_to_3g.php. Hyatt, J. (2007). Broadcom Enables 3G Mobile Phones at 2G Prices with New CellAirityà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ Chipset. Recovered Nov 22, 2007 from http://www.broadcom.com/press/release.php?id=815794. Lapping, K. (2006). Cost and Software Incompatibility Stymie 3G Growth. Ernst and Young Ltd. Recovered Nov 22, 2007

Community vs. Cheers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Network versus Cheers - Essay Example It highlighted a cast of generally hands on characters who invested all their energy hanging out together in a bar called Cheers. A later expansion to the Thursday setup is Community. It likewise includes a troupe cast of companions: A gathering of understudies at Greendale Community College. By all accounts, these shows appear to be fundamentally the same as. Be that as it may, the styles of the two shows are entirely extraordinary. Cheers was a conventional sitcom that kept the old standards for TV comedies, while Community is maybe one of the most noteworthy shows ever to air. The two shows do make them strike likenesses. The obvious lead characters appear to be fundamentally the same as from the outset. Cheers has Sam Malone, the previous baseball player who claims Cheers. Sam is a little unpleasant and an unrepentant womanizer, yet he is a decent man on a basic level. Network has Jeff Winger, the much sleazier previous legal counselor who needs to go to a junior college after he is uncovered as having a phony degree. Like Sam, Jeff turns into the pioneer everybody relies upon. Cheers has Diane Chambers, the snobby, bombastic blonde whom Sam recruits on the main scene as a server since he needs to lay down with her. Network has Britta, another grandiose blonde who is close to as snobby as Diane. Like Cheers, Community starts with the â€Å"alpha male† character attempting to lay down with the blonde. Every one of the two shows has a naã ¯ve, â€Å"dumb† character: Community’s Troy compares to Cheers’s Coach and his substitution, Woody.... Both utilize a blend of long-running plotlines and roundabout plots. However these shows have a greater number of contrasts than similitudes. Cheers is shot like a play before a crowd of people with the three-camera design that has for some time been standard for sitcoms. Network is shot in the advanced style like a film, in a solitary camera design without a crowd of people or giggle track. Recording style isn't what makes the shows so not quite the same as each other, notwithstanding. Network is most popular for the astute way it â€Å"breaks the fourth wall,† the imperceptible divider through which the crowd sees the characters as their accounts unfurl. Customarily, sitcom characters should approach their lives as though they are genuine individuals, unconscious that they are anecdotal and being viewed by the crowd. This is the way that Cheers works, and this is the manner in which things have consistently been done on TV as of recently. On Community, the characters almost be mindful, imparting to the crowd with a wink and a gesture that they know it’s not genuine, yet they despite everything appear to be loveable and convincing characters. Notwithstanding the obvious standard â€Å"handsome white man as leader† and â€Å"beautiful blonde as affection interest† buzzword, after some time the watcher starts to see that the key characters on Community are not Jeff and Britta. The most significant character is Abed Nadir, a youthful Arab-American with Asperger’s disorder, a kind of chemical imbalance. Abed is focused on motion pictures and TV, and he considers his to be as anecdotal plot. Every scene spoofs a specific film or type of motion pictures, however in a considerably more sharp and inconspicuous route than other TV shows have done previously. Abed deciphers everything that occurs around

If Thought Corrupts Language, Language Can Also Corrupt Thought

I am going to lead an investigation by looking into the semantic decisions between two paper articles with various perspectives on a similar occasion yet various portrayals of the occasion and different angles deliberately positioned to decide if words have the ability to control or convince ones considerations through the philosophies of their own. Article 1’s feature is progressively explained and utilizes significantly more energized lexical decisions, which paint all the more an image in the perusers mind.Article 2 is increasingly disentangled and directly to the point, summing up obtusely. A1 is in the current state to give an increasingly emotional impact and include sway. A2’s lexical decision â€Å"evicted† is in a past tense as though to state, the choice has just been made. The remainder of the sentence is in a future tense, underlining the conviction of the removal. A2 is in an inactive voice distracting from the practitioners. A1’s in a functio ning voice, attracting center to the positive activities. A1s lead concentrates the subject on the showdown utilizing lexical decisions to make an impact of epicenes, speaking to the voyagers like opportunity fighters.A2’s lead centers around the issue close by and the Councils requests. The two leads mirror the belief systems of the scholars. The two articles were particular on the selection of statements guaranteeing they mirrored the philosophies of the articles. A1 for the most part utilizes sources considered with great certifications since individuals generally tune in to and regard focuses from power figures and in this way are bound to concur or be convinced by them, additionally in light of the fact that ‘elite sources are viewed as newsworthy by the media. The articles utilize unidentified sources to renounce ideological responsibilities.The explicit sources they use truly mirror their general ideological message. Both use delegates I. e. †Council repres entative â€Å"and â€Å"a source† as opposed to determining the on-screen character, which shows authors â€Å"doubts or dispute over the facts’† (Bell. A 1991) or it may not suit the articles portrayal. A1 utilizes a human intrigue figure to place the issue into point of view in light of the fact that the voyagers perspectives may in any case be fairly inclination and propagandarish. A1 abstains from marking gathering sources with proficient titles to debase their statement, in one case they utilize a conjugal title rather so as to discredit their authority.A2 utilizes qualifier determiner + thing phrase (the Dale Farm) to name voyagers to unpretentiously disavow claims of partiality, stressing debate with that particular network. Both utilize a first name premise source to show their help. A1 qualifying marks speak to the specialists adversely to disparage them. A2s qualifiers were very nonpartisan, possibly on the grounds that the author was more centered a round defending their activities as opposed to deprecating the voyagers. A1 makes reference to help of regarded open figures I. e. celebs, Bishop and UN worker.A2 makes reference to political figures as help, perusers regard ‘elite’ sees and may think ‘if they accept it’s right or wrong then it must be’. A1’s grouping of data is in an anachronical request, tossing the peruser into the scene before expounding and including further attachment. They set out the preparation and fabricate tension before arriving at the peak 1. Sets scene of encounter to catch audience’s eye. 2. Festivity pictures. 3. Explanations behind commending (order). 4. Pictures of traveller’s protection systems. 5. Council’s reaction to directive. 6.Issues †governmental issues. 7. Contradicting armed force pictures. 8. Arrangements for war. 9. Supporter pictures. 10. Design removal plans. 11. Finale †fight. A2s grouping is progressively organiz ed in the feeling of ‘opening’, ‘body’ and ‘conclusion’, looked for of an obvious situation. 1. Decision †diagram choice. 2. Contest. 3. Backing. 4. Exchanges. 5. Dangers. 6. Regret. 7. Particular explorer sources. 8. Obstruction. 9. Request. 10. Denied. What is referenced and not referenced is an away from of the writer’s expectations on the portrayal of the article. Each article is originating from n ideological view point with each semantic decision made. A2 utilizes modular action word â€Å"will†, to fortify the Councils authority as in to state the voyagers will agree and no one is exempt from the rules that everyone else follows, this gives notion that the essayist is increasingly preservationist. A1 utilizes a ton of modular action words communicating likelihood, in this way debasing the Council’s authority uncovering an increasingly liberal disposition. A2 is careful when utilizing pronouns, I. e. individual p ronoun â€Å"we† is utilized every now and again to give the perusers a sentiment of inclusivity, so the Council can adjust themselves to the reader.Both talks utilize the third individual pronouns I. e. â€Å"they†, â€Å"them† and â€Å"their† yet A2 utilizes it in the setting to recognize ‘us’ and ‘them’ further adjusting themselves to the peruser. A1 utilizes it to maintain a strategic distance from reiteration. The two articles utilize facetious inquiries, which powers the peruser to concur with the inquiry and incites them to consider the inquiry. I. e. â€Å"is there not fairness under the law of this nation? † and â€Å"what would we say we are doing tossing these individuals into desperation? Do we need more neediness in the nation? A1 utilizes direct opposite I. e. â€Å"aren’t complicated†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. larmingly simple† and â€Å"Is there, or is there not†. A2 utilizes â€Å"human rights for minorities, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. greater part have human rights too† this is utilized to make the contention more grounded and by differentiating the two contrary energies it powers the peruser to look at the two thoughts and subsequently puts accentuation on the expected thought including sway. A1s extraposition â€Å"take a stand on the off chance that we don’t this will simply continue with other explorer communities† adds weight to their point by expanding the extent of the announcement and adding more conviction to their contention. Both utilize three section records I. e. Police, chamber and bailiffs†, â€Å"orange, yellow and blue†, â€Å"their homes, their territory, the cash they’ve spent† and so forth since individuals are alright with things that come in three and it gives the sentence mood making it more memorable.A1 utilizes a lot of representations ‘small platoon’, ‘opposin g forces’ and so on. This paints a progressively detailed picture in the reader’s minds and invigorates their creative mind. Additionally it adds shading to the content and can have ground-breaking passionate meanings, in this manner being a ground-breaking influential instrument. A2 utilizes not very many allegories yet with the end goal of non-literal discourse I. e. go on the table† and â€Å"weight behind† this is to communicate a mind boggling thought through the correlation of two thoughts, which has the impact of disentangling the thought planned to be communicated. A1 utilizes bountiful measures of collocations overwhelmingly in figurative models I. e. ‘stand-off’, hard-standing’ and so forth to include a level of epicenes. The absence of collocations utilized by A2 recommends that they need to de-perform the showdown and keep the issue in context. A1 utilizes bunches of designations I. e. ‘long-awaited’, ‘las t-stand’, ‘latest twist’ and so on this adds flavor to the lexemes inciting a level of suspense.A2’s absence of sobriquets propose that they need to introduce the data gruffly. Both utilize numerous presuppositions, for instance the sketch saying â€Å"leave the site or the LibDem gathering will be transmitted†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. the implicature is that the specialists can't do anything aside from talk. or on the other hand â€Å"the court will discover in the Councils†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ , assuming that the court will concur with them or â€Å"we are making the best choice since it is a penetrate in criminal law†, the assumption is that they realize what is correct yet what might be legitimate in one nation might be illicit in another, so doesn’t truly figure out what is correct and what is wrong.An implicature of â€Å"if you are human beings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. suggest that to have ethics is to be human, which is a solid proclamation since it pries on the perusers virtues. Presuppositions uncover the philosophies of the author and controls or convinces the peruser towards their point of view of the issue. A2 utilizes the sound nibbles â€Å"the time for talking in nearly over† Sound chomps catch the general message of the essayists aims and are consideration grabbers, offering the expression substantially more memorable.Both Articles are feeling explanatory in light of the fact that the two of them have the main role to illuminate and both pick diverse lexis to speak to the articles in an unexpected way. A1 utilizes a showy methodology in their lexical decisions, painting an increasingly detailed picture and performs the talk. They utilize bunches of emotive language, with solid undertones I. e. â€Å"dangerous†, â€Å"joy† and so forth. This draws on the perusers feelings and along these lines convinces them to concur with their perspective. A2 utilizes less em otive language and uses even more a descripted approach, this is a library strategy, picking a progressively political register.As a broadsheet The Guardian all in all is more focused on experts and may think about their perusers as smart and along these lines assume that they need an increasingly enlightening and instructive talk. The talk is formal and they utilize increasingly complex lexis and Standard English to mirror their cliché crowd of upper working class perusers. The Mail is a newspaper pointed by and large at the common laborers and has an auxiliary reason to engage, along these lines why the language is increasingly casual. They use imple and as often as possible everyday and non-standard lexis in such a case that you utilize the language of your perusers it reinforces your persuas

Influence of media on public opinion and foreign policy formulation Essay

Impact of media on popular supposition and international strategy plan - Essay Example The issue of popular supposition and its impact in international strategy making has involved debate between various ways of thinking both during and since the Cold War.On the one hand, pragmatists discover general feeling unpredictable, enthusiastic, lacking intelligibility and structure, and with little if any effect on remote undertakings. On different, leftists propose that general assessment on worldwide undertakings is steady, reasonably organized, reliable, and impacts international strategy making in a ‘reciprocal relationship’. Henceforth, a few chiefs consider the general conclusion when settling on significant choices others overlook it (Guraziu, 2008, p.2) In the greater part of the fair nations, governments regularly consider popular assessment genuinely since they need the help of people in general to remain in power. On the off chance that they stay away from or disregard popular feeling, it is hard for them to win future races. Then again, in nations wher e socialist or authoritarian organization wins, governments frequently disregard the popular conclusion in view of the unrivaled force appreciate by such governments. Such governments frequently put some command over the media so as to hinder the media from spreading data against the legislature. For instance, in socialist China, all the TV projects and web inclusion of episodes were carefully edited before showing it before general society. The headways in science and innovation caused enormous changes in each section of human life. The presentation of PCs, web, TV, cell phones and other computerized hardware has rolled out extraordinary improvements in the correspondence world. It is frequently said that the data is at the fingertips at present. Prior, individuals depended vigorously on papers for getting data and in this manner they prevailing with regards to getting just postponed data. At present it is workable for people in general to see the live broadcast of episodes. As suc h, open can get the data when it happens now. Moment correspondence helped general society to react all the more adequately to the data they are getting. â€Å"Media is tied in with associating individuals and reflecting the general public that we live in. Media is tied in with thinking about every day happenings around the world. Individuals are the crowd as well as a basic component of news in itself† (What is the Importance of Public Opinion in Media, 2011). Additionally, â€Å"The media are the deliverers of a message, and through this message the crowd understands and frames sentiments on occasions. This makes the broad communications both a chance and a danger for the sides occupied with a conflict†(Simons, 2008, p.79). Media assumes a significant job in impacting popular feeling on different issues. â€Å"In the vein of political scholar V.O. Keyes, I accept that the legitimacy of general feeling is just on a par with the what the media drives them to believeâ € (Jones, 2008). Indeed normal individuals may not trouble a lot to investigate the data when they get it. Media causes them to comprehend the results of certain data due to the top to bottom examination and inclusion of news and data occurs in the present media. For instance, US international strategy and the Middle East undertakings experience gigantic open discussion simply because of the miniaturized scale level investigation of these themes by the media. General sentiment is a prevailing power in American governmental issues. Research created by the Statistics Department in Washington for the finish of the 1990's shown that in one year the normal American would: watch around 1000 hours of system TV watch around 400 hours of digital TV go through 150 hours perusing a paper go through 100 hours understanding magazines (Public Opinion, 2011) This paper investigations the impact of media in planning general conclusion and international strategy, taking US international strategy and the Middle East issues as models. Impact of Media on Middle East Affairs and US Foreign Policy Significantly, during a Senate board of trustees meeting on American outside

Mr Alex free essay sample

Encourage Continuous Improvement BSBMGT516C 1. Select a region for development in your work environment and make a Continuous Improvement Plan for that zone. Remember for your arrangement †utilizing the formats give: A. A short framework of the issue you as well as your group have distinguished that requirements improving and clarify how it was recognized, B. The that should be engaged with the improvement procedure, C. How correspondence to the work group will happen, D. Training and Mentoring forms required for execution the upgrades, E. What are the potential advantages of the improvement, in the group and the association, F. What are the potential hindrances that could forestall effective execution of the proposed improvement, G. The activities that should be produced to limit the results of the hindrances recently recognized, H. An activity Plan for execution. I. An observing and Adjustment 2. Build up a procedure for recognizing and recording Continuous Improvement proposals and results †this could incorporate a Continuous Improvement Log and flowchart/s 3. We will compose a custom exposition test on Mr Alex or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Research and compose a report on an association that is focused on, and has actualized a ceaseless improvement program OR discover progressively about your organisation’s consistent improvement endeavors. ) Have the plans been a triumph to date? Why or why not? ii) Describe the frameworks, procedures and supporting apparatuses that are set up to enable the program to positively affect the association, its kin, and clients. 4. Ceaseless Improvement Plan Background Information| Continuous Improvement Issue| | Persons engaged with dynamic process| | How the issue was identified| | How will it be imparted to the work team| | Coaching and additionally Mentoring to help the team| | Benefits of the Improvement| 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | Potential Barriers| Potential Barriers| Actions taken to limit barriers| . | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | Contingencies| | 1. Activity Plan| Action Taken| Person Responsible| Start Date| End Date| Milestone for achievement| | | 2. Checking and Adjustment Plan| Area being monitored| Who is responsible| Resources required| Date for monitoring| Corrective activity required| | Part 2: Portfolio Evidence You will be required to gather significant proof, after some time, which can include: Documentary proof might be gathered to show how you have applied for various reasons. For instance, to give: * confirmation of utilizing the aptitudes required by this unit in the work environment (eg messages, archives you have made in the work environment, meeting minutes, and so forth), * a tribute/outsider report from a manager or specialized master to approve other proof you have given, * duplicates of pertinent arrangements and methods that you should consent to while doing the errands required for this unit * and proof assembled while finishing appraisal undertakings. We suggest you gather and document your proof in your Portfolio of Evidence envelope and update the organizer file. If you don't mind forward a duplicate of the proof with your other finished errands. (Note: Only the first page and substance page of point by point approaches should be sent)

Smoking With Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Smoking With Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD Coping Print Smoking With Generalized Anxiety Disorder By William Meek Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 28, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on January 14, 2020 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images If you experience generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), you likely have constant worrying and anxiety. It is a chronic and persistent illness that can have a debilitating impact on your life, including your career, education and personal life.?? For many people with GAD, finding anxiety relief is a constant battle. Some with GAD try to self-medicate in order to soothe their nerves and get through their regular routine. This can include harmful substances like alcohol, drugs or something like smoking.?? This can be a harmful way to manage your anxiety, harming your overall health and putting you at risk for developing lung cancer.   Despite widespread knowledge about the negative health effects of smoking and other forms of tobacco and nicotine use, such as lung cancer and chronic pulmonary obstructive disorder, approximately 15.5 percent of the U.S. population smokes. The rates for people with anxiety disorders including generalized anxiety disorder are even higher. Some of the risk factors associated with anxiety and tobacco use include a stressful childhood, difficulty tolerating negative emotions and impulsiveness. Nicotine Only Temporarily Lowers Anxiety The key thing to know about nicotine and anxiety is that nicotine only produces temporary relief from anxiety while it also compromises overall physical health. Many people turn to cigarettes when they are anxious, and the physiological effects of the nicotine can create a calming sensation. However, this usually only works until the substance work through your system, meaning that ongoing anxiety-provoking situations will return the person to the same level of anxiety as the person had before the cigarette. Smoking is a damaging and expensive habit. Particularly for those with GAD, smoking can actually worsen anxiety over time.?? While smoking might help soothe you at the moment, it can increase your worries about money and health, which can cause you to have severe and constant anxiety over these issues. Over time, it can exacerbate your symptoms and worsen your condition.   What to Do Instead There are many treatment options available for anxiety problems like GAD that are not as physically destructive that can also have long-lasting effects.?? First, you may want to seek out the advice of a medical professional. If you dont know where to start, your primary care physician can refer you to a therapist specializing in anxiety disorders. In therapy, you will go over your anxiety symptoms and triggers and work to identify solutions to these issues. From cognitive behavioral therapy to a dialectical therapy, there are many methods available to help you. In some cases, your doctor may recommend an anti-anxiety medication to help manage your worry and stress on a daily basis. For some people, medication is only a short-term solution while you go through therapy, but others may be on medication for months or even years. This is a decision you and your doctor will make based on your unique situation. You may need to resolve your anxiety before you attempt to quit smoking. Therapy can help you identify healthier coping skills that you can use to gain relief. Then, you can work on quitting. Its important to discuss this with your doctor, however. If your doctor suggests helping you quit while you still have high anxiety, you might want to request a referral to a therapist who can assist you in managing the spike in anxiety you might experience when you stop smoking. A Word From Verywell Nicotine and other substances, such as alcohol, may seem like an easy way to self-medicate for anxiety. But each can have health consequences. Getting help for your anxiety is the best way to get relief.

Human Trafficking As a Business Ethical Issue - 1375 Words

Human Trafficking As a Business Ethical Issue (Essay Sample) Content: Human Trafficking As a Business Ethical Issue.NameCollege numberSection numberDateHuman traffickingOne of the major modern-day unethical business practices is human trafficking. Human trafficking involves harboring, recruitment or transportation of people for purposes of sexual slavery, forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation among other social evils. In some instances, other social exploitation associated with human trafficking includes forced marriages, extraction of certain important body organs or tissues, ova removal, and surrogacy. This unethical practice of human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally through underground well-linked agencies (Farrell, 2011).Most of the victims of human trafficking are teens, children, and women. The report of international labor organization shows that most of the people trafficked are used for forced labor in the world. According to the report, 14.3 million people are in modern-day slavery 24.9milli on in a forced labor and 15.4 million in forced marriage. Out of the 29.4 million in forced labor 16millon are exploited in the private sector doing jobs in agriculture, domestic work among other private related jobs. 99% of the victims in the forced labor are women who are equally exploited sexually and used for commercial sex purposes (Roth, 2012).Most victims of human trafficking are malnourished and most of them have physical injuries resulting from coercion during the process of trafficking them (Chisolm-Straker Stoklosa,2017). A government authority can know them easily because most of them avoid eye contact when interacting with people in social gatherings or places. When asked questions, they seem to adhere to a prescribed or rehearsed responses. They also lack identification documents and in some cases, they do not even have personal possessions (Farrell, 2011).Some of the courses of human trafficking are oppression, poverty, lack of human rights in their country, lack of social economic opportunity and dangers from conflict. Most countries in the third world are poverty stricken and due to this most of their citizens are trapped into slavery by being promised good jobs in countries where they are going to be forced into labor. Such countries are from Africa like Somalia, Kenya, South Africa among others. Other countries oppress their citizens resulting in the citizens looking for better places which leads them to human slavery, though such countries might be rich economically their tendencies of oppression and disregard of human rights leads to human trafficking. Examples of such countries are China and Russia which are communist countries. Countries like Syria, Pakistan, Libya, and south Sudan are among countries with conflicts which has led to a mass migration of its citizens who find themselves in the hand of traffickers (Farrell, 2011).In some cases, some people get trapped into this human trafficking when looking for better social economic ge nerating activities in the world. They fall into agencies that are working in collaboration with the human traffickers to export the human capital to the country of destination. However this vice is committed in few countries, according to the international labor organization report, Iran, North Korea, Cuba, Sudan and Zimbabwe are countries where there is less human trafficking. This is partly because of economic stability and strict rules that make it impossible for human trafficking. Mostly human trafficking is done for purposes of monetary gains by the human traffickers (Farrell, 2011).How free market features could help alleviate human traffickingSome of the features of a free market are; limited government interference in the market operations, free supply and demand are allowed to determine the prices of goods and services, competition, profit, freedom of choice and a right to own private property (Shaanan, 2017).In the light of the identified features, human traffickers coul d enjoy limited government interferences if they operated with valid licenses. This would require the government to permit the trade. The operators will thus enjoy the freedom, but the ethical question would eventually bring them down because most consumers who will enjoy the feature of freedom of choice will have to question ethical judgment before purchasing the commodities involved. This would eventually affect the demand and supply because the unethical practice will damage the reputation of the firm which will make it less attractive to the stakeholders who will withdraw their support from the firm which will eventually collapse due to lack of demand and supply (Brenkert, 2012)..A justification of the expected decline in human trafficking due to introduction of free market features can exemplified by countries that legalized prostitution and enabled it to operate under the free market conditions. In such countries the business is rapidly declining due to the changes in supp ly and demand. Consumers of the commodities would consider their ethical principles before consuming those most of them due to ethics will prefer not to do prostitution because they shall be reprimanded by the society. Some of them care about their societal image and their place in the society. Due to this, the business of prostitution has declined significantly in countries that have legalized them.Another way through which free market features would alleviate human trafficking is through introduction taxes on both the supply and the demand side. Validation of the trade would with taxes expenses that suppliers and buyers would incur. This would significantly reduce the number of suppliers and buyers of the product. Subsequently, with time no rational consumer would be tempted to buy a commodity with very high tax expenses significantly reducing the demand and supply to the market of human trafficking. High taxes also reduce the proceeds from the business as net profit. Businesses c annot survive if they keep on running on losses. This will make it less lucrative for investors and stakeholders making the business to close down eventually (Brenkert, 2012).Competition as a free market feature could also help alleviate human trafficking through monopolizing a firm that offers human trafficking. This will increase make the supply of humans higher than the demand from the firm, in return the prices will go down for those who are willing to offer the services to the firm. Due to low prices, it will make human trafficking less attractive to the society hence killing the practice of human trafficking (Brenkert, 2012).Risks of introducing marketing mechanisms where ethical issues existWhile the introduction of free market mechanism can help ameliorate the situation, there are number of risks linked to this move. The business may become more lucrative thereby increasing the effects of the problem instead of reducing it. The initiative may also affect the ethical and mora l compass of the society as more participants would be encouraged to join the trade (Shanaan, 2017)Unethical issue such as human trafficking may introduce negative ripple effects in the society such as abduction, rape, violence, and drug trafficking. Such social problems will have detrimental mental effects on the victims that will lead to suicide and other social dis...

The Death Toll Of Haiti - 933 Words

It was typical late afternoon in Haiti capital of Port-au-Prince. People were strolling the streets, and local vendors were selling various goods at the Port-au-Prince historic Iron Market. Then at 4:53 pm on January 12, 2010 a 7.0 magnitude hit Haiti. Haiti had not seen a major earthquake like this in almost 200 years. People scrambled through the streets as the ground roared knocking down huge stone and brick building onto the streets of Port-au-Prince. An eyewitness describes the moment that the earthquake hit, â€Å"The earth screamed; a sound of thunder that came from its belly as it violently shook the plants, the car, the walls, the pavement that I stood on. I called out to everyone to walk out of the house quickly. It seemed like a long, long time. Then silence. Then screams from some of the residents of the rural neighborhood† (Clesca, 2010). This would be one of the deadliest earthquake of our generation. The estimated death toll was 316,000 deaths, and over 3 millio n people were displaced by the earthquake. Many people died when their dwelling collapsed and they were trapped under the rumble. People also died from falling objects, such as large building materials. This earthquake will ultimately change the structured of Haiti and leave many residents asking, who is responsible for the huge loss of life? As I have mention above, Haiti has not been hit by a major earthquake since the 18th century. Geologists first believed that Caribbean tectonic plates were responsibleShow MoreRelatedEarthquakes : The Most Unpredictable Types Of Natural Disasters Essay1454 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped parts of the world like Chile. On the other hand, undeveloped parts of the world like Haiti do not have laws and regulations that enforce the construction of earthquake proof buildings and roads. In 2010 we saw how government, preparedness, and infrastructure play a key role in how many fatalities and damage occurs. In Haiti the lack of earthquake regulations a nd poor infrastructure led to a bigger death toll and greater damage being done than the earthquake that struck Chile in 2010. Why do EarthquakesRead MoreThe Disaster Of A Earthquake1604 Words   |  7 Pages2010 was an active year for earthquakes and other natural disasters, racking up a total of four earthquakes ranked 7.0 or higher. Two of these quakes were merely a month apart, and started the year in a very destructive way. The first was a 7.0 in Haiti, the second over 3,000 miles away in Chile, an 8.8. Though both ravaged their countries, one was decidedly more devastating than the other. Looking at the magnitudes of the quakes, you might think Chile received the worst of it, but after further inspectionRead MoreEssay on The Effect of Natural Disaster on a Society1176 Words   |  5 Pagesand earthquake, the death toll could be immense. It is estimated that the 1976 Tangshan earthquake caused more than 750 thousand deaths, making it rank the first among all earthquakes in the 20th century (BBC, Year unknown, internet). This figure indicates a correlation between population density and higher casualti es. Furthermore, On April 20 2011, Edmond Mulet, the head of the UN mission in Haiti said, marked the 100th day since the devastating earthquake that struck Haiti, leaving between 250Read MoreHaitian Health Care : A Follow Up1683 Words   |  7 Pages Farmer’s Zanmi Lasante organization located in Haiti. What we may see as a measly tuberculosis shot in the USA, can mean saving an entire population in Haiti. Dr. Farmer noted in the Mountains beyond Mountains book (2003) written by Tracey Kidder, that Haiti has increased rates of infant mortality, tuberculosis, malnutrition, HIV and AIDS. In an article published by Sophie Arie; titled What’s next for Haiti’s healthcare? (2011) notes that, â€Å"Haiti has the highest rates of infant, under-five and maternalRead MoreThe Struggle of the People of Haiti in Edwidge Danticats Novel Krik? Krak!1204 Words   |  5 PagesEdwidge Danticats novel Krik? Krak! reflects the struggling people of Haiti from the 1960’s t o the 1990’s. Danticat, born in Haiti, grew up hearing stories about her homelands past. She learned about the hardships and struggles her elders went through in Haiti. Danticat composed nine short stories that reveal the unmasking truth of what it was like in the previous generations to keep the history of her home country alive. 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To cope well, the country should have low death tolls, good communication with rescue services and other countries willing to help, evacuation and other emergency plans are planned well, and minimizing the amount of damage done to the country. What are HIC and LIC countries? HIC, also known as MEDC, standRead MoreHarry Baker, The Poetry World Champion1153 Words   |  5 Pagesthat â€Å"life isn’t fair† and was never meant to be a walk in the park. Whether it was a physical detriment or just a mental issue, there is at least one aspect in every one of our lives that has made things difficult. In January 2012, the people of Haiti went through yet another struggle in their everyday lives. After striking down the entire country in one fell swoop, the 7.0 magnitude earthquake left the people of this country in a rock bottom. In Sometimes the earth is Cruel, Leonard Pitts explainsRead MoreHazards Research Assignment : Haiti Earthquake And Landslide723 Words   |  3 PagesGeomorphic Hazards research assignment 2010 Haiti Earthquake and landslide By: Yashas Narayan Teacher: Ms Bilton Due Date: Monday 11th September 2017 Week 9, Term 3 Subject: Geography Task description: Geomorphic Hazards 2010 Haiti earthquake and landslide What is an earthquake? An earthquake would be classified as a sudden ferocious shaking of the ground, typically causing great obliteration because of manoeuvre within the earth’s crust orRead MoreAre Earthquake Disasters Caused by Humans?1118 Words   |  5 Pagesinclude: China after the Tangshan earthquake of 1976, Turkey after the Izmit earthquake of 1999, and Haiti after the Haitian earthquake of 2008. Introduction Marshak ( 2013) contends that there are over 1 million earthquakes that occur each year, but only several hundred earthquakes actually cause any damage. According to the Exploratorium Museum’s Website, the toll that earths have on the population and infrastructures vary from place to place, even if the earthquakes

The Death Penalty Is No Rich People On Death Row - 813 Words

Your Excellency, I am writing to you to express my disagreement with your country’s continued use of the death penalty. I recently read an article by Sonia Polton (Mail Online) which raised many points on this matter.One important issue was brought to my attention by one of the founding members of Voices of Death Row, Linda Taylor who said, â€Å"There are no rich people on death row.† I believe this one quote explains the reality very clearly/ people with more money can afford to use top class lawyers and give themselves the best chance to avoid or postpone their sentence. Whereas, people with less money do not have this luxury. Does this not mean that people are paying to stay alive ? Should a nation as mighty as America still perform such barbaric acts in today s world? America is looked at all across the globe as an example of how the world has developed, yet you still chose to challenge this by implementing the death penalty. Murderers and criminals are not afraid of the death penalty, quite the opposite. In her article Sonia Poulton argues that the 33 states which still use the system have more murders and gun crime cases than the states that have abolished it completely. This demonstrates that the death penalty is not enough of a threat and does nothing to deter people from committing serious crimes. Do these results not show that the logical decision would be to abolish it altogether? Sonia Poulton continues her argument, suggesting that the percentage of wealthyShow MoreRelated Capital Punishment Essay: Death Penalty Maintains Justice1194 Words   |  5 PagesDeath Penalty Maintains Justice It is no triumph that death sentences are routinely carried out, or even that such a device is necessary within our society. Yet the fact remains that society does require a death penalty, and to believe that the topic is one-sided or easily answered would be a fatal mistake. It is best to note the absolutes of the death penalty - first, that once it is carried out, there is no reversing the outcome. It seems an obvious point, but it is worth remembering, asRead MoreCapital Punishment in America Essay1337 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Dead Man Walking† is a movie about a man named Matthew Poncelet (Sean Penn) who is on death row, and the different things he goes through as he counts down his final days until execution. The movie is based on a true story. Through the movie, I was able to see the different the steps that a death row inmate goes through leading up to execution. I cannot really say that the movie was pro or anti death penalty because I think it covered both sides we ll. In â€Å"Dead Man Walking† the justice system wasRead MoreNotes On Signing A Life Away1384 Words   |  6 PagesNicole A. Carmona Professor Galindo English 1302 NC8 18 September 2014 Signing a Life Away Who is one to say when your life ends? If you are religious then God makes that call, but if you are not then your death is just a matter of time and waiting. When a human being, whether a criminal or not, is put into that electric chair and strapped away from their rights minutes before they are consciously aware that they are about to die, that is when you know that as humans we have failed. What’s even worseRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Immoral And Violates Human Rights915 Words   |  4 PagesPunishment by death for people convicted of certain crimes also known as the death penalty is unethical. There are currently 31 states including New Hampshire, in the U.S. with the death penalty and 19 states without. The death penalty is immoral and violates human rights. In some parts of the United States we have a biased criminal justice system which can lead to false an unlawful sentence to death. The death penalty also has irreversible outcomes if proven innocent, it doesnâ€⠄¢t lower crime ratesRead MoreProblems with the Death Penalty Essay1509 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Death Penalty To begin with, I will be telling you information that shows that the death penalty is unfair, cruel, and very wasteful. To start with, I will prove to you how poor people are not getting the correct representation they deserve. Nextly, I will tell you about how the innocent have been accused of horrible crimes they didnt commit and even in some cases how they were almost killed and how some have been killed. Finally, I will show you how the death penaltyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Wrong And Inhumane Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesto death is difficult to completely comprehend. The physical procedure involved in the act of execution are easy to grasp, but the emotions involved in carrying out a death sentence on another person, regardless of how much they deserve it, is beyond comprehension. 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Often their arguments are made on different interpretationsRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1192 Words   |  5 PagesNo Death Penalty Capital crime is something that is meant for people that are found guilty of committing a serious crime, such as murder, rape, or theft. These are offences that should not be taken lightly but by killing the offender, the government is carrying about the action that they are trying to prevent. Also, the wrong person may be sentenced to death. After this person is executed, there is obviously nothing that can be done for the terrible mistake to be reversed. The death penalty shouldRead More Capital Punishment Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Death Penalty an Effective Punishment? Is the Death Penalty an Effective Punishment? Yes. In at least one important respect, it is. It simply cannot be argued that a killer, once executed, can ever kill again. The Death Penalty does not stop people from killing others. The only thing it does stop is killers from killing people again. Some statistics indicate that Capital Punishment has killed more blacks then whites and more poor then rich. There is nothing wrong with the Death Penalty.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;IfRead MoreLiberal, Conservative, and Libertarian Political Philosophies1292 Words   |  6 PagesStates some people may forget how closely our political perspectives are to each other relative to those of foreign countries. While there are many political views and stances that an individual might take on any given topic, generally people in the United States fall into one of three categories: liberals, conservatives, and libertarians. Keep in mind that most people will not support all of the ideals of their advocated faction, but they must support the vast majority of them. People that fall

The Middle-East Countries and the U.S Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The author of the paper identified that the Middle-East countries are those countries which stretch over south-western Asia to North- Eastern Africa. The lists of Middle-East countries are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. The Middle East has been the arena of catastrophic events in recent years which accommodates three wars since 1980. These wars were Iran-Iraq war which started in the year 1980 and lasted till 1988; the Israeli aggression towards Lebanon in the year 1982 and the United States declared war against Iraq in the year 1991. These wars not only had a tremendous adverse impact on Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon but also it ensured the involvement of the United States with these three countries. The region provides the most vital source of the world s supply of energy but this region has been the most crucial area in the history of the world. D ue to various causes, whether it has been geographical, political, ethical, historical, ideological, economic or diplomatic, the entanglement of U. S.We will write a custom essay sample on The Middle-East Countries and the U.S or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page In early 1970s U. S. economy had the command over its military and used it to dominate the other nations. The prevailing conservativeness of the U. S. economy needs to be ruled out and they should also learn to respect to cultures of other nations and also adopt the viewpoints of other nations.

Role Of Academic Self Efficiency On The Relation Between...

Rachelle Folger Research Article Assignment Test Anxiety Role of academic self-efficiency in moderating the relation between task importance and test anxiety. Citation in APA Format: Nie, Y., Lau, S., Liau, A. K. (2011). Role of academic self-efficiency in moderationg the relation between task importance and test anxiety. Learning and Individual Differences, 21(6), 736-741. Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study was to provide information about potential ways to reduce test anxiety; whether academic self-efficiency could moderate the maladaptive relation between task importance and test anxiety. Test scores a very important aspect of our society today, because of this students have a lot of pressure to do will and obtain†¦show more content†¦Task importance is a person perceived importance of the task. Interest, importance and usefulness are the three components of task value. this study suggest that test anxiety was heightened with a perceived increase of task importance. High task importance can be thought of as a threat if the person thinks they will fail the test. This also depends on the importance value of the subject. Other studies have shown that there is a positive correlation with task importance and anxiety. Task importance can be a motivation. If the subject or test is important the student will be more dedicated and engaged in learning the subject, therefore more studying will be done. For some students task importance is not a good thing. Taking task importance out of the equation not the way to solve this issue, but finding a moderator could be a sensible solution. An individual’s belief that they have the ability to succeed is self-efficiency. This is the moderator that will allow the student to do well in each of his/her classes and be successful in school. If every student believes they will do well in school, devote themselves to studying and actually student improvements will be seen. This moderator is a big step in solving test anxiety and will allow for better grades and less stressed out students. According to Bandura self-efficacy is what protect people from psychological strains. Self-efficacy is an individual’s belief that they have

Mat540 Statistics Concepts for Research Paper Free Essays

Childhood Obesity Mat540: Statistical Concepts for Research I Childhood obesity is a growing problem in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, around 12. 5 million children and teens are obese. We will write a custom essay sample on Mat540: Statistics Concepts for Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many things that contribute to this epidemic like poor diet and lack of physical activities to name a few. In this paper I will figure out if there is a correlation between childhood obesity and school cafeteria food. Many people feel that school cafeteria food is partly to blame for childhood obesity. I believe this is an example of correlation and causation. Data analysts often jump to unjustified conclusions by mistaking an observed correlation for a cause-and-effect relationship. A high sample correlation coefficient does not necessarily signify a causal relation between two variables (Johnson, (2010). Though I believe schools play a particularly critical role by establishing a safe and supportive environment with policies and practices that support healthy behaviors. Schools also provide opportunities for students to learn about and practice healthy eating and physical activity behaviors. But they should not be blamed schools for childhood obesity. Studies regarding childhood obesity need to consider: socio-economic background, genetics, what is tough at home, and if parents are obese; before schools can be blamed. Obesity is a problem that affects Americans at an alarming rate across all age, race, and gender categories. No single group is immune to the causes, occurrences, and the recent increases in the rate of obesity. However, what may be of greatest concern for researchers is the fact that while Americans enjoys an increasingly higher standard of living; obesity among children continues to grow. Nevertheless, there is to date no cure, or even universal treatment for the problem of childhood obesity. This is partly due to an inability to precisely pinpoint the cause, or causes, of the increases. Thus, we are left with a debate over which causes play the greatest role in childhood obesity and a plethora of prevention and treatment theories. Yet at the same time, it is clear that the occurrence of childhood obesity places those afflicted at increased risk of health problems now and in the future. Overweight and poor nutrition of children in the United States are becoming issues of increasing concern for public health. Dietary patterns of U. S. children indicate that they are consuming too little fruits and vegetables and too many foods high in fat and sugar. Contributed to this pattern of food consumption is snacking, which is reported to be on the increase amongst adults and children alike. One place where snacking is under increased scrutiny, where it is being increasingly criticized, is in U. S. chools, where snack foods are often to sold to supplement inadequate budgets (Crooks, (2003). â€Å"Essentially overweight and obesity result from energy imbalance. The body needs a certain amount of energy (calories) from food to sustain basic life functions. Body weight is maintained when calories eaten equals the number of calories the body expends, or â€Å"burns. † When more calories are consumed than burned, energy balance is tipped toward weight gain, overweight, and obesity. Genetic, environmental, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors can all lead to overweight and obesity† (Butte, (2007). Although some school cafeterias get a failing grade in nutrition, others are working hard to serve healthy meals for breakfast and lunch and to banish junk food from the premises. According to a new survey (Alliance for a Healthier Generation, 2009), most parents want schools to limit students’ access to high-calorie, low-nutrient chips, sodas, and candy and to provide more opportunities for physical activity throughout the day. I remember my days in school when lunch consisted of fries, pizza and burgers. Today schools are trying to give their students some healthier options. However teachers cannot force children to eat healthy food and exercise on a regular basis. They can provide children with a good idea of what foods that they should and should not eat. However this information is rendered useless if parents do not follow up on it at home. Ideally parents should take the time to teach their child what they should eat so that they grow up strong and healthy. They can do this by teaching their children about good nutrition and backing it up with healthy breakfasts, lunches and dinners. Parents should lead by example as children look to their parents for tips on how they should behave. This is evidenced by the fact that most obese children have obese parents. Parents can teach their kids to lead a healthier lifestyle by educating them on the importance of good food, regular exercise and how calories work. By doing this they will be able to take charge of their weight by making educated choices on their food and exercise routines. Whether in matters of social development or physical health, parents are typically considered the primary agents of children’s socialization and well-being. Also suggested to help curb childhood obesity parents need to improve their knowledge of child nutrition and decrease television viewing (Gable and Lutz, (2000). In conclusion the childhood obesity problem cannot be placed solely in the hands of schools. Childhood obesity is a global health challenge with no single cause and no single solution. This challenge demands more than individual efforts. It demands changes in public health policies and in the built environment at the local, state, and federal levels to prevent obesity beginning in early childhood and to make treatment available to overweight and obese children and adolescents. Without a concerted, cohesive effort to reverse the obesity epidemic, today’s children will have shortened lives filled with chronic illness. After all, schools seem to be natural places in which to enact cost-effective interventions on children. But schools do not seem to be good at drastically changing a student’s weight, and the elimination of junk food sales in schools is unlikely to upend the child obesity epidemic. The challenge is to develop interventions that reach into the home and community. Perhaps those interventions can start with schools, but they must reach beyond them to be effective. References Butte, Nancy F. ; Christiansen, Edmund and Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. (2007)  Energy ImbalanceUnderlying the Development of Childhood Obesity,http://www. nature. com/oby/journal/v15/n12/full/oby2007364a. html Crooks, Deborah L. (2003) Trading Nutrition for Education: Nutritional Status and the Sale ofSnack Foods in an Eastern Kentucky School Medical Anthropology Quarterly, NewSeries, Vol. 17, No. 2 (Jun. , 2003), pp. 82-199; Blackwell Publishing on behalf of theAmerican Anthropological Association Gable, Sara; Lutz, Susan (2000) Household, Parent, and Child Contributions to ChildhoodObesity Family Relations, Vol. 49, No. 3 (Jul. , 2000), pp. 293-300, National Council onFamily Relations Johnson, R. A. , Bhattacharyya, G. K. (2010). Statistics: Principles methods. –   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sixth Edition. John Wiley Sons Inc. Tamsin McMahon. (201 1, June 11). Out to lunch? ; Policing snacks and BMI grades are no wayfor schools to fight flab: critics. National Post,A. 6. Retrieved March 13, 2012, fromBanking Information Source. (Document ID: 2373557331). How to cite Mat540: Statistics Concepts for Research Paper, Essays

Describe British Rule in India at the End of the First World War free essay sample

At the end of the First World War, British rule in India was dominant compared with Indian rule. The British is controlling a population of about 300,000,000 people and more than two-thirds of India in the early nineteen hundreds. The rest is ruled under Maharajah’s which are Indian Princes. Out of the various colonies the British had, India was named the ‘Jewel in the Crown’ because of its vast amounts of resources, labour and land. To working class Indians, the British arrival made them angry and unhappy. This is because many of them became slaves for the British people. Only the wealthy and educated Indians benefited from their arrival as British rule improved the infrastructure of India. They brought technology into the country and therefore made India into a more developed and advanced country. Although for some provinces, India has direct control (under maharajahs) but on the whole, they are indirectly controlled by the British government. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe British Rule in India at the End of the First World War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This means that the British government has sovereign power and influence over these provinces from the Viceroy. The Viceroy made Indians have less control over its own country. The Viceroy’s power was above the Legislative Council, and he was appointed by the British Parliament. Another words, he is the representative of Britain in India. He had to report to the Secretary of State of India who is in charge of India. He was also a direct representative of the King in India. Never, had the Indians been allowed to be part of the Legislative Council. This was until the Morley-Minto Reform. The Morley-Minto Reform was introduced because Indians started pressuring the government; the congress started to demand for Home Rule in 1906 and there was boycotts of British goods and violent outbreaks started in Bengal. The riot in Bengal began from Lord Curzon, who was the Viceroy at the time. Bengal was too large to administer and therefore, Curzon proposed to the Secretary of State for India St. John Brodrich to divide Bengal. This was known as the Partition of Bengal. This suggestion, however, favoured Muslims because in Eastern Bengal, Muslims outnumbered Hindu’s and it helped Bengali Muslims politically. Also, the Hindu’s accused the British to deliberately separate the Hindu’s and Muslims and therefore resulted in a riot. The reform was rather superficial and the position of the Indians in the government had not been changed much. Very few Indians could vote, and it did not give Indians a voice in the administration. This showed that Indians did not make much progress in Independence after the Morley-Minto Reform and British still had strong control of India even after the Morley-Minto reform. Through time, the British rule in India diminished, but by quite a minor amount after the First World War. Before the war, British had strong powers in the government. The First World War sped up the process for home rule in India as many Indians fought bravely in the War and Mohandas Gandhi, and many other Indians, thought that supporting the war would lead to Home Rule. Many Indians sacrificed their lives during the war and this gave a reason for the Indians to demand for home rule. Also, the demand of raw materials from India increased and many Indians prospered. Because Indians were now more important (because of their war effort in the War and the demand for their resources), British had to get more control over them. As a response to this, during the war in 1915, the Defence of India Act was introduced. This allowed suspension of civil liberties. This meant that the government of India has ‘emergency’ powers for example, the government could make an Indian join the army. This shows that the government fears the Indians as the government passes a law which gives more power to themselves. In the mid 1918, the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms were suggested. This was to settle the unrest that was caused by the rejection of the demands after the First World War. There were outbreaks of violence in Punjab in 1917 as the British government made no statements about Home Rule. The Montagu-Chelmsford act was to introduce a new system called Dyrachy. This was to split the powers between the British and Indians. The British people would control finance, police and justice whilst Indians would control Education, Agriculture and Health and Public Work. This however, also didn’t give Indians real power as many of the sectors which the Indians rule were not influential. As we can see, the British actually fears the Indians as they are slowly iving power back to the Indians. From the Morley-Minto Reforms to the Montagu-Chelmsford Reform, British show they are concern with the growing resistance of the Indians, such as the violence outbreaks after the First World War. Many of the reforms were superficial and up to the end of the First World War, Indians have more participation in the government of India but no real influence. Although the Montagu- Chelmsford Reform was put into practice in 1919, it already suggests that the British people fear the Indians and are slowly shifting the power back to Indian people.

International Business for Services and Managerial Knowledge

Question: Discuss about theInternational Business for Services and Managerial Knowledge. Answer: Introduction International business conducts the business transactions in different countries. These transactions deal with the transfer of technology, services, managerial knowledge, goods, and business capitals. The cultural differences in the international countries are considered as the major determinants due to which the foreign business marketers sometimes face the considerable challenges (Samaha, Beck Palmatier, 2014). In this study, the cultural market of USA will be discussed. The study would provide the fruitful insights on the culture of the host country. The analysis of the different cultural components would also be presented in this study. In addition to this, the study would discuss the business culture of the host country. The use of Hofstedes Dimension Model would consider the business operations of the foreign countries within the different cultural scenario. Rationale for Selecting USA Cultural Market USA cultural market has been dominating the economic zone of the country. US market consists of 300 million consumers due to which it is considered as the largest market in the world (Mazaheri et al., 2014). The business opportunities and the favorable business markets are attracting many foreign countries to establish their businesses. Even though the country contains only 4% of the global populations, it has captured almost 25% of the global economic output. USA is one of the richest countries in the world that is quite opportune for the foreign business marketers to earn more profits (Keywords.nyupress.org, 2017). USA culture is comparatively homogenous. It is considered as one of the most diverse countries with the presence of huge number of ethnicities and languages. English is the international language for the foreign businesses. It has been observed that 97% of the populations are fluent in English, which is much beneficial for the business dealings. Therefore, the study woul d focus on the exploration of USA cultural market. Cultural Analysis of USA United States of America, widely known as the Land of the Free and Home of the Brave, is much diverse in the cultural parameter. The immense landscape is much luxurious and sophisticated, which is much opportune for the business marketers to select the potential consumers. The cultures of the country are transmitted in variety of ways starting from migration and recruitment. American culture is diverse in nature and consists of people from different ethnicity, religions, and political background. The group of the indigenous people is also visible within America (Bakir et al., 2015). The favorable magnitude is also a considerable factor for the existence of numerous subcultures in America. The cultural analysis of America depends on three major levels, such as the observable artifacts, enacted values, and espoused values. The observable artifacts comprise of the ceremonies, symbols, social spectacles, and linguistic values. The espoused values include goals, strategies and philosophie s that differ from the other cultures. The enacted values, on the other hand, depict the apparent influences on the US cultures. The combination of the artifacts, enacted values, and espoused values together formulate the cultural diversification in America. Business Cultures in America Appropriate etiquette and cultures are the most important factors to be considered in the business scenario. The American business cultures are different to the etiquettes maintained in other countries (Ferraro Briody, 2017). It is notable that America is the melting pot of cultures and there are no accepted rules followed. People in America are much concerned about their personal attributes and conscious about others personal spaces. Therefore, American companies do not encounter much conflict. On the contrary, in the Asian culture, people are more likely to work together and indulge with others works as well. The conflicting scenario is more visible in Asia than America (Mazanec et al., 2015). The seriousness among the business associates in America is also much favorable for the development of organisations. Americans greet people with more commendable manner than the other countries. The informal behaviour outside the corporate environment is much visible in American culture. Ab ove all, the greeting and the acceptability of the other cultures for the business dealings are remarkable enough to establish the business in America. Hofstedes Cultural Model Working in the foreign country requires gathering the insightful knowledge about the cultural traits. It is essential to identify the cultural suitability before establishing any business for a longer time. The analysis of the Hofstedes cultural dimensions would be much preferable to identify the major considerations for establishing the foreign business in USA. Figure 1: Hofstedes Cultural Dimension (Source: Hofstede-insights.com, 2017) Power Distance The power distance is the dimension, which determines the inequality between the people within a society. It also expresses the measurement of the power for understanding the business requirements. America scores 40 in this dimension, which is moderate for the foreign business. It indicates that the foreign businesses need to consider the power of the societies inequalities, which are endorsed mostly by the followers than the leaders (Stahl Tung, 2015). Individualism The individualism dimension determines the degree of the interdependence maintained by the members of the society. America score 91 in this dimension, which is quite higher. It depicts that the Americans follow the idea of liberty and justice for all. They value the people more, which is quite favorable for developing the business atmosphere and achieving success. Masculinity The high score in the masculinity dimension indicates that the society is much driven by the competition, success and achievement. It is noticed the score of America in this dimension is 62, which is quite higher. Therefore, the foreign business has the favorable chances to make progress in their businesses. Uncertainty Avoidance This uncertainty avoidance dimension considers the fact that the society often requires dealing with uncertain situations in future. America scores 46, which is below the average that creates impacts on the cultures (Hofstede-insights.com, 2017). Hence, the foreign business would ensure the success in establishing the business in America. Long Term Orientation The long-term orientation determines the maintenance of the links with the past while dealing with the challenges in present and future. America scores 26 in this dimension, which considers that the country is much fond of generating ideas from the new information. The innovative thinking is the major strength for the country that is much favorable for the business expansion of the foreign countries as well. Indulgence This dimension defines the extent to which people try to control the impulses and desires. In this dimension, USA scores 68, which is the combination of the normative score. The country believes in working hard to achieve their desires. Hence, it can be implied that the contradictory attitudes and behaviour are much visible in Americans. Conclusion The study explores the cultural analysis of America. It is notable that America is one of the largest countries that as developed the cultural diversification. American culture is diverse in nature and consists of people from different ethnicity, religions, and political background. The group of the indigenous people is also visible within America. The favorable magnitude is also a considerable factor for the existence of numerous subcultures in America. The proper and favorable cultural traits along with the sophisticated business scenario are much favorable for the foreign countries to establish business in America. References Bakir, A., Blodgett, J. G., Vitell, S. J., Rose, G. M. (2015). A preliminary investigation of the reliability and validity of Hofstedes cross cultural dimensions. InProceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 226-232). Springer, Cham. Ferraro, G. P., Briody, E. K. (2017).The cultural dimension of global business. Taylor Francis. Hofstede-insights.com, (2017).Country Comparison - Hofstede Insights. [online] Hofstede Insights. Available at: https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/the-usa/ [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Keywords.nyupress.org, (2017).Market | Keywords for American Cultural Studies. [online] Keywords.nyupress.org. Available at: https://keywords.nyupress.org/american-cultural-studies/essay/market/ [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Mazaheri, E., Richard, M. O., Laroche, M., Ueltschy, L. C. (2014). The influence of culture, emotions, intangibility, and atmospheric cues on online behavior.Journal of Business Research,67(3), 253-259. Mazanec, J. A., Crotts, J. C., Gursoy, D., Lu, L. (2015). Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-response theoretical approach applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions in a single nation.Tourism Management,48, 299-304. Samaha, S. A., Beck, J. T., Palmatier, R. W. (2014). The role of culture in international relationship marketing.Journal of Marketing,78(5), 78-98. Stahl, G. K., Tung, R. L. (2015). Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in international business studies: The need for positive cross-cultural scholarship.Journal of International Business Studies,46(4), 391-414.

Frida Kahlo free essay sample

Three years after Kahlos birth the Mexican Revolution began. This was a major event in Mexican history as well as an influence on much of Kahlos art. She was a surrealist painter which means that she expressed her deepest feelings and thoughts through her paintings. The public viewed her as a high spirited yet rebellious woman who liked to paint what she knew. Her daily life was reflected into most if not all of her paintings, and she used her painting as an escape to express her emotions. Her unique style has made her one of the most famous Mexican artists of her time. This painting is a self portrait of Frida Kahlo, in two split personalities. The Two Fridas was made in 1939. It is oil on canvas, standing at a height of 581/2 square. It is hanging in the Museo de Arte, in Mexico City. There are two Fridas, sitting in adjacent chairs and holding hands, staring back at the viewer. We will write a custom essay sample on Frida Kahlo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The two Fridas are sitting on a green weaved bench on a brownish smooth floor, and behind them is a painting of blue and gray sky on a wall. The Two Fridas is a self-portrait containing two women that are symbolic of Frida Kahlo. The women have completely different appearances, but are linked in this picture. The women are sitting side-by-side in identical sitting formation. The two are also physically connected through the connected vein. The surroundings and accessories of the women look to be that of separation and each respective woman’s (or physiological side’s) style. The sky behind the women displays a dark and eerie sky. The woman on the left is wearing a formal white European-style dress. The dress is very proper and has the characteristics of sophisticated attire. The dress is very frilly and has an eloquent pattern on the upper portion of the dress. The dress covers the majority of her body and the woman’s skin is paler than that of the second woman. Both attributes listed above point in the direction of a high-class individual. Another high-class and proper property shown by the woman on the left is her hair and make-up. She has very neat and tied down hair. Her make-up is very accurately and crisply put on. Overall, the woman on the left is very presentable in high-class society. The woman on the right has a very different appearance. This woman has on very casual clothing. She seems to wearing a very informal dress with a long, dirty, and green bottom that is hemmed with a white, stained fabric. The dress seems to be very unkempt and unclean. This shows her less formal side. The top is very loose and stylistically sloppy, and it seems to be untidy as well. Her body language is also more relaxed. She doesn’t seem to be wearing a bra in the picture, so maybe her mood is more relaxed. The woman on the right is also holding a small picture in her hand. The picture is so small that the viewer cannot identify it easily. The face of the woman on the right seems to be dirtier that the left as well. The make-up is essentially vacant from her face and she has upper lip hair growing. Another area of sloppiness is the hairline of the woman on the right. The woman on the left, as pointed out earlier, has a very clean and tidy hairstyle/hairline. The woman on the right, however, has a hairline full of array and discombobulation. There also seems to be juxtaposition with the respective circulatory systems. The woman on the left has a heart with exposed damages and impurities and a pair of scissors cutting one of her veins in half. The woman on the right has a very healthy heart and long flowing veins. Both the women’s veins both lead to each one’s respective hands, but each one has a different object in it (the left having the scissors and the right having the picture). The women are not only linked through the connection of the circulatory systems, but are holding hands. Essentially, this is examining what purpose the artist, Frida Kahlo, has in the details or ‘facts’ displayed in the artwork, The Two Fridas. The facts acquired in the previous paragraph are now analyzed using knowledge and research about the author and painting. As stated in the introduction, Frida Kahlo’s work typically contains bold emotions displayed through the art. The Two Fridas does not stray far from the typical Frida Kahlo painting. Frida starts the boldness instantly with the uncontemporary self-portrait. The self-portrait is of two women; the viewer is already captured by this unique style. Frida seems to show her divided feelings or personalities through her ‘two Fridas’. Frida’s life during the creation of The Two Fridas was very hectic because she was getting a divorce to other well-known Mexican artist, Diego Rivera (About Frida Kahlo’s Art). Her life was a very violent mess at this time. She reportedly still loved him, proven by the fact that they later remarry, providing evidence that there was mixed emotions of the divorce. The violent mess is communicated through the stormy background Frida paints. The storm surrounding her torn feelings is perfectly communicated through this painting. The two women are tied together through obligation (connecting veins) and choice (holding hands). This shows the complexity of Frida’s emotions through very simple details. The stormy background makes it seem like there is a struggle between the two women, and this matches up with the idea of a forced connection with through the circulatory system. If this were the only connection between the two, the emotions would be quite simple. The fact that the women are voluntarily holding hands makes this relationship more complex. The willingness to grasp each other’s hand shows the mixed emotions Frida was feeling at this time. The storm and the two women show that there is a separation, but the connecting veins and hands make it seem like the separation wasn’t exactly wanted. Another interesting aspect of this connection is the focus Frida puts on what each woman has in each respective hand. The woman on the right is holding a picture, and the picture’s content is that of Diego Rivera (Frida Kahlo Paintings). Frida clearly states the two different sides (or women) with this detail. The woman on the right represents a girl who is still in love with Rivera. She has stayed true to her origins in Mexico as a lower class person through her attire and unkempt manner. This woman that loves Rivera is shown as a comfortable woman. The woman on the left is holding a pair of scissors and seems to be keen on causing harm to her circulatory system. The woman may even be trying to rid herself of the pain of being connected to the Frida that loves Rivera. She desperately feels the need to separate from the lifestyle of a loving wife. The scissors are then very necessary for the woman on the left. The scissors are the only way for separation to occur. Frida may have drawn the women to have their most important possessions in their respective hands. The woman on the left values the scissors because it provides an escape from her roots and Rivera’s love. The woman on the right values her husband, Diego Rivera, most. The fact that they are both grabbing each other’s hands shows that they care about each other too much to let the natural desire to separate prevail. This aspect clearly shows the complexity of Frida’s emotions. The woman on the left wants separation, but can’t let go. The woman on the right wants to be free from the sophisticated and independent lifestyle, but can’t give up that quality. Frida Kahlo’s divorce occurred right after her visit to Europe. She observed the proper lifestyle of European ladies (Digital Arts and Sciences Corp. 1998). It seems as though Frida wants to move on to an independent and proper lifestyle, but her love for Rivera lingers. The fact that the women are holding hands shows that Frida’s crossroads in life isn’t clear-cut and involves intense emotions. Frida Kahlo had a tendency to involve bold details in her artwork. The boldest aspect of this piece is the fact that the circulatory system is exposed. Obviously, normal people do not have exposed circulatory systems, so what is the purpose for including this? Most people associate the circulatory system with vulnerability. Blood is a product of being hurt or damaged, which is a pretty vulnerable activity. The heart is a consistent symbol of raw emotion and love. Frida shows how her exposed heart is a symbol of her exposing her emotions through her painting. The circulatory systems are different between the two women. The woman on the left is bleeding and has a damaged heart. The woman on the right has a healthy heart and veins. As pointed out earlier, the woman on the left is the post-Rivera, independent, and European Frida. The damaged heart of this Frida could mean multiple things. The damage could mean that she has been damaged from the divorce with Rivera. It could also mean that it hurts her to separate from the original Frida. Either way, Frida Kahlo shows her true emotions during the time period because of the damaged heart. Through this, Frida shows that the Frida at the time of the painting was the one on the left. Frida Kahlo would never have painted The Two Fridas if she were completely fine. The painting shows her emotion crossroads and the storm going on inside of her, and her heart would never be intact during that mess. She also indicates that she carries the pain with her everywhere through the bloodstains on the dress. This is also another reason she keeps the circulatory systems connected. Frida identifies herself as the woman on the left, but she is still connected to the other, and the other connected to her. This is where Frida shows that she is still in love with Rivera at the time after the divorce. The vein of the woman on the right leads straight to the picture of Rivera. Even though Frida is the woman on the left at this time, she is still connected to Rivera through her blood and through her heart. The circulatory system is another example of how Frida Kahlo uses a bold style to communicate complex emotions. The Two Fridas by Frida Kahlo is a great piece of artwork to be a critic for. It provides very unique and bold visual aspects that translate to deep and intense emotional expressions. Frida shows her true brilliance and complexity through the two-person self-portrait. Frida displays the intense emotions involved with the crossroad in her life through her unique style and boldness. Overall, the piece was very thought provoking and provided perspective to embrace all types of expression. The Two Fridas by Frida Kahlo truly is a piece of art. One such painting, â€Å"Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird,† is a depiction of Kahlo’s life at one point in time. It shows the artist wearing a thorn necklace with a hummingbird hanging from the necklace; the painting also has a black cat behind the artist’s left shoulder and a black baby monkey behind the artist’s right shoulder. In the background, there are many dark colored leaves to cover the whole area in the back with one yellow leaf behind Kahlo’s head. The painter portrays these objects as a symbolic meaning to an emotion or event in her life. This painting shows Kahlo with a dead hummingbird hanging like a charm from her thorn necklace. The birds dark wings mimic Frida Kahlos trademark dark eyebrows. Mexican culture attributes luck in love to these dead birds. At the time this portrait was painted, Frida was going through yet another painful ordeal with her husband, which in itself may be seen as a theme in her work â€Å"Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird† is showing her suffering and her hope that she has in her life. Every single object in this painting has some symbolic meaning which represents something about the artist. Remember, not all of Kahlo’s paintings are going to be about her suffering and hope; it will be about her emotions at some point in her life. Every artist has their own style of expressing themselves through different creations of art; keep an open mind. In Self Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird, Kahlo mixes indigenous Aztec tradition with Christian imagery. The thorn necklace echoes Christs Crown of Thorns while at the same echoes Aztec practices where priests performed self-mutilation with agave thorns and stingray spines. The dead hummingbird is sacred to the chief god of Tenochtitlan, Huitzilopichtli, the god of sun and of war. The fearful Aztec goddess Coatlicue wears a necklace of skull. The monkey was her beloved pet and then the cat, it was kind of like the devil and the angel sitting on her shoulders, and the cat really wanted to eat the hummingbird, which it said was the symbol of love in Latin American countries. And the monkey was just toying with her necklace. I really liked the detail and the symmetry, and the colors were so vivid against the background†¦the lush green and the urples were so bright, they just jumped out. The focal point of the artwork is her face, which is established by placement, contrast and line. The monobrow is vertically centred and almost horizontally in the middle. The black colouring of the monobrow is sharply contrasted against the paler, reddish-brown colour of her skin. The hummingbird at the bottom not only â€Å"points† upwards to the face, but has also been cleverly manipulated to imitate Kahlo’s brow, drawing further attention to her facial features. From the monobrow, the eye then travels back down to the hummingbird, then back towards the cloth crown and butterflies. The bold contrasting use of colour emphasizes Kahlo’s monobrow, eyes and hair, making her appear quite solemn. The use of tone adds shadows under her eyes, creating the feel of sadness and tiredness. Emphasis on Kahlo’s brow and eyes make her eyes soulful in appearance, which captivates the viewer’s attention, causing them to scrutinise the painting. Keeping the painting balanced by positioning the monkey and cat over the shoulders create three balanced sections, keeping the focus on the figure. Symbolism plays a huge role in all of Kahlo’s work, and without her use of symbols many of her works would be absent of emotions and any deeper meaning. A dead hummingbird, a necklace of thorns, butterflies and dragonflies and a monobrow are all used in â€Å"Self Portrait with Thorn Necklace, Hummingbird and Unibrow. † Hummingbirds are a traditional Mexican symbol of good luck, and are ironically used in reference to her unfortunate life, and to her Mexican heritage. The thorn necklace represents Christ’s unravelled crown of thorns, marking Frida’s Christianity, whilst the dragonflies and butterflies symbolise the Resurrection. The exaggerated beard and monobrow are political statements towards feminism as in western culture they are seen as undesirable and so are purposely emphasized. Kahlo’s painting was created in Mexico 1940, a time of great economical and political change in Mexico. Kahlo was a nationalist but avant-garde representational artist in the era of surrealism, and her paintings have been described as a combination of surrealism, symbolism, and realism. Frida Kahlo, 2007) The aim of surrealism was to unleash the â€Å"deep layer† of the human mind where memories and the most basic instincts are stored, and to revive the â€Å"unconscious† mind and reconcile it with rational life. Kahlo unconsciously utilized the first images, thoughts, and desires that crossed her mind. (Hernandez, 2007, Frida-Kahlo, The Surrealist? ) In her art, Kahlo interpreted these themes in a symbolic manner to express and understand the tragedy of her life. It was only after a horrendous vehicle accident when she was eighteen that she started most of her artwork, to channel her pain into something expressive, an outlet of her experiences. Kahlo’s work went beyond the limits of reality. She transferred every thought into her painting, and demonstrated that her life revolved around pain and horror. (Brown, 2002, Frida Kahlo- an Amazing Woman) Her painting reflects Mexican culture through the traditional flat, two-dimensional figures. The political and gender-based message of feminism and nationalism is shown through the unconventional exaggeration of her monobrow and moustache. Suffering and pain may be shown through facial expressions or through the objects in the painting. As stated in the title of the self-portrait, the thorn necklace is wrapped around her neck, puncturing little holes in her neck. This is a symbol of pain and suffering just as Christ was in pain wearing the thorn crown. As the blood is dripping down from her punctured wounds on her neck, Kahlos facial expression is so discreet that it does not seem like she is in pain; as if the artist wanted to appear strong and unbreakable while keeping all the pain and suffering inside. The artist may be suffering on the inside, but she likes to have a little bit of hope on the outside as well. Pablo Picasso was probably the most famous artist of the twentieth century. During his artistic career, which lasted more than 75 years, he created thousands of works, not only paintings but also sculptures, prints, and ceramics, using all kinds of materials. He almost single-handedly created modern art. He changed art more profoundly than any other artist of this century because he was an inspiration. The influence of Pablo Picasso on art can be measured via the enduring fame of the man; he remains, arguably, the most famous artist since Michelangelo, more celebrated than Duschamp, Monet or Cezanne. He was a legend during his own lifetime, the celebrated Salvador Dali citing Picasso as, â€Å"his hero, and to be taken seriously by him [Picasso], a sort of right of passage. † His private life and professional life merged more than most famous artists. Bar for a small period towards the end of his life, Picasso was free from the scandal that accompanied the legends of Matisse, Van Gogh or Manet, for instance. Art was always his first mistress, although more than most other artists, Picasso drew from the experiences which touched him in his personal life to inspire his creative output. Pablo Picassos 1937 painting Guernica is renowned as one of the worlds most famous anti-war pieces of art, and was painted explicitly to protest against the bombing of Guernica in Spain by German and Italian fighter planes. Following completion of the painting later that year, Picasso allowed it to go on a brief world tour, his aim being to ensure that people all around the globe would be aware of the horrors being carried out in Spain. Picasso was strongly against the fascists in the Civil War, and Guernica remains not only his most overt anti-war statement, but one of the most well known anti-war statements of all time. The bombing of Guernica had been requested by the Spanish Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War, and was seen by many as one of the most horrific uses of brutal force during the conflict. Guernica was a small village of just a few thousand citizens. Most were women and children, because the men were away fighting. The bombing was therefore more of an attempt at intimidation than an attack with real strategic value. Estimates of the number of dead range from 400-500 up to 1,600, with the former being considered today to be more accurate. Regardless of the number of casualties, however, the impact of the Guernica bombing was substantial: it demonstrated once and for all the cooperation between German, Italian and Spanish fascist groups, and it also convinced the rest of the world that the German Luftwaffe was committed to terror bombings of the type. The impact during the subsequent World War 2 was considerable, as Guernica was one of the key events that shaped the Allied analysis of German aerial combat tactics. In the centre, a horse can be made out, but there are other, hidden images present too, including a human skull and another bull. The spear that has run through the horse and caused it so much pain creates a gaping wound that dominates much of the rest of the scene. It is also important to recognise that the action seems to be taking place in a room, at least on the left side, while a burning building is visible on the right. Picassos intention appears to be to place this carnage both inside and outside, and to show how it brings man down to the level of beasts. The bull on the left is the crucial link between the human and animal aspects of war, as it stops to consider the pain of the grieving woman just as the other pull gores the horse. The lightbulb in the sun, at the top of the painting, symbolises the hopelessness of mans attempt to appeal to God for help. Picasso is showing how God is simply another manmade items, like a lightbulb, and there is no promise of deliverance from the horrific scene that is unfolding. Meanwhile a woman seems to float through a window with a flame held up, but the look of horror on her face clearly shows that she was not prepared for the scene that she is now witnessing. Again, Picasso appears to be showing the lack of hope present in this scene. It is clear, overall, that the painting was completed when Picasso was at a low ebb, uncertain whether Spain would ever recover from the horrors of its war. The right of the painting is perhaps the most conventional, featuring as it does a human figure wracked with pain and on fire. This is a less symbolic and more realistic portrayal of another part of the horrors of war, with flames surrounding the figure and, to the extreme right of the canvas, a dark door opening. There are different interpretations of this door. Some see it as the only hope for those trapped in the painting, as if they can still escape. Others see it as an ominous sign, a doorway to nothingness and a sign that Picasso believes the conflict will lead only to destruction. It is possible to see the door as both simultaneously, offering an equal chance of either oblivion or salvation. However, the bleakness of the view through the door suggests that Picasso sees it as a portal to doom. Guernica has come to symbolise military atrocities, to the extent that subsequent attacks around the world are sometimes dubbed the new Guernica. Shortly after the invasion of Iraq, it emerged that a copy of the Guernica painting which had been hanging in the Pentagon had been ordered to be covered up while military planners prepared for the attack (Rowley, 2009). This was taken by many observers to be confirmation of the paintings power to encourage members of the military to recognise the horrors that their actions might unleash. Seventy years after Guernica was bombarded, Picassos famous painting has helped keep its story alive so that others might have their actions checked. Picasso’s Guernica is the probably the single most influential and controversial pieces of the 20th century. Most likely the last historical piece of its kind. Actually the only one of its kind. It sets itself apart from the norm of Picasso’s cubism. Although Picasso insisted that the Guernica had nothing to politics or fascism, but â€Å"There is a deliberate appeal to the people, a deliberate sense of propaganda. Many would argue that the painting is the most powerful political work of modern art ever created. He made an anti-war statement through the painting without using bombs or other weapons. Instead he used twisted images of terrified and dismembered bodies surrounding an agonized horse to contradict any ideas the world may have of warfare being heroic. When Picasso was asked to explain the symbolism in the painting he said,†it isn’t up to the painter to define the symbols†. Cubism gained it name from an art critic by the name of Luis Vauxcelles after Matisse described paintings as consisting of little cubes. Picasso and Georges Braque are the founders of this style of art starting around 1909. â€Å"Those who sacrifice liberty in place of temporary freedom, deserve neither liberty nor freedom†-Benjamin Franklin. Theres an old saying that goes, there is no great art, just great artists. Frida Kahlo proves that an artists work can stand alone without a wildly interesting biography swallowing up each painting. Its just a matter of taking the time to separate yourself from all the hoopla that may surround an artist and just open your eyes upon their paintings and then reacting to them. Frida Kahlo free essay sample Psychological state describes the state of mind that we are under. Psychological state can take many forms such as manic, anxious, and depressive. In saying this, our psychological stater can influence things form day to day life. Throughout history events and objects have been reflective of the human psychological state. One of the most prominent subjects to psychological influence is art. Artist such as frida Kahlo, Salvador Dali and Vincent van gough, to name a few, are just some of the selections from art history that reveal their psychological states through their artworks. State of mind takes a large part in my art, I think this accounts for most artists throughout history†-Salvador Dali. Frida Kahlo, born July 6, 1907, was a Mexican painter, who achieved great popularity throughout her career. Frida, as well as being influenced by her culture, also had another major influence that sculpted the way her artworks were made, her psychological state. We will write a custom essay sample on Frida Kahlo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There were many major event sin frida Kahlo’s life that effected her mental state but it all began with â€Å"the accident†. At the early age of 18, frida was involved in a bus accident that irreversibly changed her life. After the accident had occurred frida spent all her time painting. After three months of immobilisation frida had begun painting an array of different paintings, none of yet, that were of a psychologically revealing nature. Although this did not mean that this accident hadn’t affected her mental state at all. In the years to come, frida embarked on many artistic projects, a lot of these being portraits. Although only portraits, these portraits strongly revealed her mental state at the time and the pain she had gone through. I paint myself because I am often alone and I am the subject I know best. An example of a work that reflects this is Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird. Filled with a large pallet of symbols and meanings, this is one of fridas most prominent in revealing her psychological state. This very confronting artwork, as well as showing her pain and love for Mexico also reveals the painful events in her life that influenced her psychological state. This artwork, a swell as the symbols and meanings also has a confronting stance. Defying the rules of the portrait, instead of having an angled shot of frida, there is a front on shot. This position positions the viewer to feel confronted and shows that she feels that after the accident society sees her as a confronting women. As the accident restricted her from having a child (resulting in many miscarriages) the symbol of a monkey has been incorporated into the painting. The monkey symbolizes her as being infertile and not being able to have a child. This shows her desperate state of mind and that she wanted to have some sort of offspring/child. As well as this, there is a black cat positioned on her right shoulder. This cat, in this portrait is a symbol of witchcraft and bad luck. This symbol or motif are directly related to her accident. As she was catholic it was shun upon to not have a child. So the sue of this black cat reflects her disappointment in not being able to have a child, but also makes an avid reference to catholic history in the time of witch hunts. But as well as having negative references to her mental state, positives still maintain within the picture. The crown of thorns shows her feelings towards her catholic heritage and ho strongly she felt about her history. The next major thing to happen in fridas life would be her marriage to Diego and the many mishaps to come. Their marriage on august 21st 1929 not only resulted in the to being in matrimony but also brought up controversy within fridas family. Fridas mother very much disapproved of the marriage stating that it is like â€Å"a dove marrying an elephant†. Despite this, frida and Diego believed that they were born for each other . Upon their marriage, frida painted many paintings that happily reflected her pleased state of mind with the marriage such as â€Å"portrait of women in white dress† and many other self portraits that depicted her in a nice elegant way. But despite this positive state of mind that frida was in, the worst was yet to come. Many affairs later, frida had come to realize that their marriage was on the rocks and reflected on what her mother had commented on the elephant marrying the dove. The painting was done in a traditional Mexican ratabla style. Although this positive image of fridas background and heritage, there are also other symbols and meanings within this picture. Besides the obvious height difference, there are other distinct differences between he two of them. While Diego is painted as he and frida were seen by most people, artists, frida is depicted very differently to how she was. In this picture she is in traditional Mexican clothes, besides the link to her heritage, she is also depicted as somewhat of a housewife, a trait that she very much inverted. Diego is the beginning, the constructor, my baby, boyfriend, painter, my lover, â€Å"my husband† my friend, my mother, myself and the universe†. This quote very much reinforces her state of mind throughout their whole marriage. â€Å"my husband†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦this shows that frida never really considered Diego as much of a husband because of the affairs that Diego ha had and his backing out of their fidelity. This quote on fridas though of her marriage is very much shown in the artwork â€Å"The loving embrace of the universe, the earth, Diego, myself Senor. Xolotl†. This artwork, very much depicts fridas state of mind throughout her relationship. It shows the reversal of her love for Diego, but not in the sense of its deterioration but in that it became more of a maternal love. It contains many of her motifs including Mexican vegetation and its roots, lactating Aztec goddesses the third eye. Again, all of these symbols and motifs revealing her psychological state towards her heritage. It shows that no matter how bad her state of mind got, she always stayed true to her roots. As well as these motifs it also depicts the universe, mother earth, and Diego. All these depicted with open and loving arms. The fact that Diego is in fridas arms is a symbol of her feelings towards him becoming increasingly maternal. The universe and mother earth, despite their physical attributes, can be depicted as Diego, as the above quote reinforces. It shows her state of mind as not only a maternal lover but also that she is always being protected by Diego. But despite these feelings at the time, there would be dramatic changes concerning her and Diego. The first of these being in their trip to America were Diego was commissioned by nelson Rockefeller. Whilst over there frida suffered a miscarriage that would severely effect her state of mind. â€Å"Henry Ford Hospital Detroit† Painted right after her miscarriage, this artwork, through symbols, meanings and through the structural frame shows a revealing image into her psychology and state of mind. The image shows a bloody maternity bed outside on a bleak industrial landscape showing her homesickness and her desolate feeling to such a fast paced industrial world. As well as these landscapes showing her homesickness, there are other objects that have meaning behind them. The symbols such as baby Diego tied to her with a red ribbon or bodily tube show how each painful part of her life attached to her, and it all being symbolic of her mental state after such a horrific event. â€Å"Never before had a woman put such agonized poetry on canvas as frida did at this time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This shows the symbolic meaning and how her art was an expression of her psychological state of mind. Diego and frida returned to Mexico in December 1933and moved into a house in san angel designed by artist Juan O’Gorman. This Bauhaus style home joined both frida and Diego by a bridge. Although this was so, diego fell further into depression and began an affair with one of frida’s sisters Christina. When frida discovered this relationship it was too much for her to handle. In response to the affair she painted â€Å"a few small nips† A newspaper report about a woman murdered in an act of jealousy provided Kahlo with the subject matter for this work. The murderer defended his actions before the judge by saying: But it was just a few small nips! . The violent deed makes symbolic reference to Fridas own mental state and her own emotional injuries. In this picture,. It can be said that each stab, or nip. is a symbol o everything bad that diego had done to her, and the events in her life. †they thought I was a surrealist and I wasn’t, I never painted my dreams I painted reality†. This is one of fridas most famous quotes concerining her work. It shows that each artwork is an expression of her state of mind in reality, but not of her dreams, as seen in pictures such as what the water gave me, which involves events of her life and significant aspects of her ebing. Fridas mother was unable to breastfeed her as a child. She was therefore fed by a native Indian wet-nurse whom the family had hired for that sole purpose. The relationship between them appears distant and cold, reduced to the practical process of feeding. Because it was the adult Frida who had the memory, the baby has an adult head, and because she could not remember her wet nurses facial features, she covered her face with a pre-Columbian mask. This shows fridas reversion to her childhood through her frustrated and also curious state of mind. Another artwork that reveals a lot about fridas psychological state of mind is her very famous â€Å"self portrait with cropped hair†. This was Fridas first self-portrait after the divorce from her husband Diego. In place of the feminine clothes seen in most of her self-portraits, Frida appears dressed in a large dark mans suit, probably one of Diegos. She has just cut off her long hair that Diego admired so much. In her left hand she holds a lock of her shorn hair like an emblem of her sacrifice. In her right, she holds the scissors with which she martyred her femininity. Strands of hair are everywhere as if they had a life of their own. Surrounded by the evidence of her act, she sits along in a vast expanse of uninhabited space that suggests the depth of her despair. The verse of a song painted across the top of the portrait points to the reason behind this act of self-mutilation. See, if I loved you, it was for your hair, now youre bald, I dont love you any more. . Along wht this painting, two fridas is also an aertowkr which shows her psychological state. It does this trhough echoeing the pose of the self portrait. This is shown the half turned frida and ther scicors, except this time, instead of being used to engage pain, these are sued to stop blood flow and help her survive. †my painting carries with it the message of pain†¦painting completed my life†¦I believe that work is the best thing†. This quote sums up very nicely how frida felt about her artsworks and its reflection on her state of mind. Theere are many artworks which back up this statement but the most prominent and famous wuld have to be the broken column. Aswell as taking symbols form art history such as st Sebastian arrows and the greek column, it also shows her desolation and pain from her many operations, her marriage with Diego and also her mental state. Each arrow can be said as an act form Diego or bad event in her life. †I hope that the leaving is joyful and I hope I never return†